Arthur G. Humes

How many copepods

At present there are approximately 11500 known species of copepods. The number of species described during the past 27 years is nearly two-thirds of all those described in the previous 100 years. Approximately one-third of marine copepod species are parasites or associates, nearly equally divided between those on fishes and those on invertebrates. Individual copepods are extremely abundant, not only as free-living species or parasites of fishes, but as associates of invertebrates, especially in the tropical regions of the world.

A revision of the lichomologid complex (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida), with the recognition of six new families

The superfamily Lichomolgoidea of Humes and Stock (1972, 1973) is revised to take account of the numerous new genera added since 1972. The Urocopiidae is recognized as only distantly related to the other lichomologid families. Six new families, the Anchimolgidae, Kelleriidae, Octopicolidae, Macrochironidae, Synapticolidae and Thamnomolgidae, are established and the concepts of the four remaining families are significantly altered. A diagnosis is presented for each of the 10 families, together with a list of included genera and a key to genera. Emphasis in the new system is placed more on the characteristics of the mouthparts than on swimming leg segmentation patterns. One new genus, Eupolymniphilus, is established, based on Scambicornus finmarchicus. An analysis of the phylogenetic relationships between the families of the lichomolgoid complex is presented.

Cnidarians and copepods: a success story

Pres de 400 especes de Copepoda vivent en association avec 330 especes de Cnidaria, le plus grand nombre de ces associations se fait avec les Anthozoa plus specialement les Scleractinia

Harpacticoid Copepods Associated With Cnidaria in the Indo-west Pacific

ABSTRACT Alteuthellopsis corallina, new species (Peltidiidae), associated with the Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals Merulina ampliata, Platygyra daedala, Platygyra sp., Astreopora sp., Pocillopora damicornis var. caespitosa, Acropora exigua, and Goniastrea retiformis, is characterized by an elongate slender fifth leg armed terminally with a strong obtuse spine. Tegastes cnidicus, new species (Tegastidae), associated with the hydrozoan Aglaophenia cupressina Lamouroux in the Moluccas, is distinguished by the lack of a ventral prolongation on the genital segment of the female. With the inclusion of Tegastes georgei Marcus and Masry, 1970, and Tegastes acroporanus Humes, 1981, four species of harpacticoid copepods are now known from cnidarians in the Indo-West Pacific.

Harpacticoid Copepods Associated with Cnidarians in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Four harpacticoids, comprising 2 species of Tegastes, I species of Parategastes (Tegastidac) and I species of Alteuthellopsis (Peltidiidae), are reported as associates of cnidarians in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Tegastes gemmeus sp.n. from Cyphastrea ocellina and Montipora verrucosa (Scleractinia) in Hawaii, Tegastes paulipes sp.n. from Pocillopora verrucosa (Scleractinia) from Moorca, Parategastes conexus sp.n. from Stereonephthya ulicoides (Alcyonacea) from Poelau Gomumu in the Moluccas, and Alteuthellopsis corallina Humes, 1981, from Montipora verrilli (Scleractinia) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

Copepoda associated with scleractinian corals on the Great Barrier Reef, northeastern Australia, with a key to the genera of the lichomolgidae

Nine new species and three new genera, Parandrianellus, Scyphuliger, and James-cookina, are associated with various species of hard corals in the vicinity of Lizard Island, Big Broadhurst Reef, and Bowl Reef on the Great Barrier Reef. These copepods include the lichomolgids Parandrianellus annulatus from Hydnophora rigida, Scyphuliger concavipes from Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora sarmentosa, Scyphuliger manifestus from Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora squarrosa, James-cookina redacta from Echinopora horrida, Panjakus eumeces from Hydnophora rigida, Anchimolgus abbreviatus and Anchimolgus tanaus from Acrhelia horrescens, Anchimolgus exsertus from Echinopora horrida, and Odontomolgus bulbalis from Merulina ampliata. Schedomolgus tenuatus Humes, 1990, recorded from Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora humilis, is transferred to the genus Scyphuliger. Schedomolgus lobophorus (Humes and Ho, 1968) is recorded from Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora humilis, Acropora sarmentosa, and Acropora intermedia; Amarda goniast...

Studies on the Pre-Cercarial Development of Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae)

Thirty-two Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Rudolphi) Nasmark, 1937, a paramphistomid trematode, were recovered on March 29, 1938, from the intestinal cecum of a beaver, Castor canadensis carolinensis, killed on the same day at Gonzales, Louisiana. Advantage was taken of the material to study the pre-cercarial development of this form, in which there is the exceptional condition of a single fully formed redia produced within the miracidium before the egg hatches. The adult worms were removed from the walls of the cecum and placed in a fingerbowl filled with tap water, where they were allowed to lay their eggs. After several hours they had ceased actively contracting and were measured without stimulation and without pressure by means of calipers. The smallest adult measured 6.5 x 4.0 mm, the largest 15.0 x 6.5 mm, the average being 10.2 x 5.2 mm.

Poecilostomatoid Copepods Parasitic in the Scleractinian Coral Genus Goniastrea in the Moluccas

Two new copepods (Poecilostomatoida) are reported from the scleractinian coral Goniastrea retiformis (Lamarck) at Poelau Parang, Ceram. Amarda goniastreae n. sp. (family Lichomolgidae) is distinguished from the two other known congeners by the 2-segmented endopods of legs I and 2 and by the second segment of the exopod of leg 3 having only 2 spines. Parangium abstrusum n. gen., n. sp. (family uncertain), known only from one female, has an elongate body, with legs I and 2 biramous but legs 3 and 4 uniramous, the endopod being absent. Leg 5 is absent. Although more than 1 70 species of copepods are known to be associated with Scleractinia, only one species, the harpacticoid Alteuthellopsis corallina Humes, 1981, has been reported from Goniastrea retiformis (Lamarck). This peltidiid copepod was collected at Poelau Parang, Ceram (Humes, 1981), the type locality of the two new forms described here. The two new copepods from Goniastrea retiformis that are the subject of this paper were collected by the author during the Alpha Helix East Asian Bioluminescence Expedition, which was supported by the National Science Foundation of the United States, under grants OFS 74 01830 and OFS 74 02888 to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and grant BMS 74 23242 to the University of California, Santa Barbara. The procedure for the collection of the copepods was that outlined by Humes (1978). I thank Dr. John W. Wells, Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, for the identification of the host coral. All figures were drawn with the aid of a camera Iucida. The letter after the explanation of each figure refers to the scale at which it was drawn. The abbreviations used are: A1 =first antenna, A2 =second antenna, and L=labrum. Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877 Amarda Humes et Stock, 1972 Amarda goniastreae n. sp.

Copepoda (Xarifiidae) parasitic in scleractinian corals from the Indo-Pacific

Summary Nine new species of Xarifia are described from various Indo-Pacific corals from Madagascar (Goniopora, Gyrosmilia, Hydnophora, Montipora, Physogyra) and the Moluccas (Euphyllia, Goniopora, Hydnophora). A single male of an undetermined species of Xarifia is reported from Fungia in the Moluccas. A new xarifiid genus is described from Fungia in Madagascar. The family Xarifiidae now contains four genera (Xarifia, Orstomella, Lipochrus, and Zazaranus) with more than 50 described species. A key to the four genera is provided.

TWO NEW CALIGOID COPEPODS FROM EGYPTIAN FISHES

Material studied: Twenty-eight females collected from the gills of Lates niloticus (L.) during December 1952, and January-February, 1953. Holotype and 17 paratypes in the U. S. National Museum. Remaining paratypes in the authors collection. Female: Body elongate and slender (Fig. 1), total length (not including caudal rami), based on 5 specimens, 4.19 mm (4.09-4.40 mm). Carapace wider than long (0.735x0.905 mm), about 18% of the total body length, narrower than the genital segment and showing a U-shaped ridge on the dorsal posterior area. First 3 thoracic segments fused with the carapace. Fourth thoracic segment free, wider than long (0.118x0.288 mm). Genital and fifth thoracic segments fused (1.11 x 1.13 mm), cordiform, smooth except for the fifth legs, attachments of the egg sacs, and 2 chitinized knobs near the beginning of the abdomen. Abdomen 2-segmented, the second segment narrower, rectangular, and only about 6% of the total abdominal length. Length of 2 abdominal segments together 2.43 mm, first segment 2.28x0.591 mm, second segment 0.142 x 0.192 mm. Caudal rami (Fig. 2) elongate (0.131 x 0.070 mm), armed distally with 6 setae, the innermost and outermost much shorter than the middle 4. Frontal lunules (Fig. 3) relatively small. First antenna (Fig. 4) armed on the anterior margin of the second podomere with about 18 setae, some of them plumose, and on the distal region of the last podomere with about 14 naked setae. Second antenna (Fig. 5) a sharply curved, attenuated claw. Cuticular spine (first maxilla of Wilson, 1905, and maxillary hook of Leigh-Sharpe, 1934) minute (Fig. 6). Mouth cone containing slender mandibles, dentate near their tips (Fig. 7). First maxilla (Fig. 8) a chitinized spine, having near its base a lobe bearing 2 unequal setae. Second maxilla (Fig. 9) long and slender, ending in 2 unequal spines. Maxilliped (Fig. 10) with a stout base and a strong, curved, distal spine. Sternal furca absent. First leg (Fig. 11) uniramous, but with a small, 2-jointed, digitiform process on the base, perhaps representing a rudimentary endopodite. Distal podomere with 3 long, plumose, inner setae and 4 terminal spines. Second leg (Fig. 12) biramous, with the coxopodite and first podomere of the exopodite having a veil-like fringe of fine hairs. Outer margins of second and third endopodite podomeres expanded and pilose. Third leg (Fig. 13) biramous, the exopodite with 3 podomeres, the first with a strongly chitinized outer spine, the endopodite consisting of a single podomere. Outer margin of the base with a large veil-like fringe of fine hairs. Fourth leg (Fig. 14) uniramous, with a distal group of 3 spines, of which the innermost is nearly twice the length of the 2 outer spines which are subequal. Fifth leg (Fig. 15), visible in dorsal view, consisting of a small lamella bearing 3 setae and a single seta a short distance from the lamella. Egg sac (Fig. 1) 3.13x0.308 mm, containing about 42 eggs (30-49) and reaching well beyond the end of the abdomen. Male: Unknown.