Arthur J. Cronin
Pennsylvania State University
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Featured researches published by Arthur J. Cronin.
The Lancet | 2000
Arthur J. Cronin; John C. Keifer; M. Davies; Tonya S. King; Edward O. Bixler
Sleep disturbance is common postoperatively. We examined whether melatonin concentrations were related to this disturbance in seven postoperative patients. Nocturnal concentrations of melatonin were significantly (p=0.005) lower on the first than on the second or third nights after surgery. This finding raises the possibility that melatonin suppression and associated sleep disturbance might be prevented by melatonin replacement.
Anesthesiology | 2008
Christopher P. Bonafide; Natalie Aucutt-Walter; Nicole A. DiVittore; Tonya S. King; Edward O. Bixler; Arthur J. Cronin
Background:Postoperative patients are sleep deprived. Opioids, commonly administered for postoperative pain control, are often mistakenly considered inducers of naturally occurring sleep. This study describes the effect of the opioid remifentanil on nocturnal sleep in healthy volunteers. In addition, this study tests the hypothesis that opioid-induced sleep disturbance is caused by a circadian pacemaker disturbance, reflected by suppressed nocturnal plasma concentration of melatonin. Methods:Polysomnography was performed in 10 volunteers from 11:00 pm to 7:00 am for four nights at 6-day intervals. On two nights, remifentanil (0.01–0.04 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) was infused from 10:30 pm to 7:00 am, and either a placebo capsule or 3.0 mg melatonin was administered at 10:30 pm. On two additional nights, saline was infused, and the placebo or melatonin capsules were administered at 10:30 pm. Blood was drawn at 12:00 am, 3:00 am, and 6:00 am to measure the plasma concentration of melatonin and cortisol. A repeated-measures analysis of variance model was used to determine the effect of remifentanil on sleep stages, the effect of remifentanil on the plasma concentration of melatonin, and the effect of exogenous melatonin on remifentanil-induced sleep disturbance. Results:Remifentanil inhibited rapid eye movement sleep (14.1 ± 7.2% to 3.9 ± 6.9%). The amount of slow wave sleep decreased from 6.8 ± 7.6% to 3.2 ± 6.1%, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Remifentanil did not decrease melatonin concentration. Melatonin administration did not prevent remifentanil-induced sleep disturbance. Conclusions:An overnight constant infusion of remifentanil inhibits rapid eye movement sleep without suppressing the nocturnal melatonin surge.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | 2005
J. Derenzo; B. Macknight; N.A. DiVittore; C.P. Bonafide; Arthur J. Cronin
This study tests the hypothesis that elevated postoperative excretion of cortisol is associated with suppression of the nocturnal excretion of 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin, the chief metabolite of the circadian hormone, melatonin. Postoperative patients demonstrate circadian rhythm disturbances and suppression of nocturnal melatonin plasma concentration. Since the nocturnal surge in melatonin concentration in normal volunteers is time‐locked to the circadian nadir of cortisol concentration, perhaps the attenuation of the nocturnal melatonin surge in postoperative patients results from prolonged elevation in the plasma cortisol concentration. In this observational study performed in 21 patients having unilateral hip or knee arthroplasty, urine was collected every 4 h for the first 48 h after surgery for measurement of urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (EIA) and free cortisol (RIA) excretion. The total (P < 0.05) and peak (P < 0.02) nocturnal 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin excretions were lower on the first than the second postoperative night. The nocturnal cortisol nadir preceded the 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin surge in 20% of the subjects on night 1 and in 75% of the subjects on night 2. The lack of a consistent relationship between the magnitude or timing of cortisol excretion and 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin excretion suggests that cortisol does not mediate postoperative 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin suppression.
Anesthesiology | 2001
Sergei Nikiforov; Arthur J. Cronin; W. Bosseau Murray; Virginia E. Hall
WE report the successful treatment of renal colic using a paravertebral subcutaneous injection of local anesthetic. The mechanism for this analgesia is unclear, but it is possibly best explained by Melzac and Walls gate theory of pain. The chief limitation of this therapy is its short duration.
Sleep | 2001
Arthur J. Cronin; John C. Keifer; M. Davies; Tonya S. King; Edward O. Bixler
BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia | 1995
Arthur J. Cronin; John C. Keifer; Helen A. Baghdoyan; Ralph Lydic
Anesthesia & Analgesia | 2003
Helene G. Logginidou; Bai Han Li; De Pei Li; Jeffrey S. Lohmann; H. Gregg Schuler; Nicole A. DiVittore; Sarah Kreiser; Arthur J. Cronin
Anesthesia & Analgesia | 2003
Bai-Han Li; Jeffrey S. Lohmann; H. Gregg Schuler; Arthur J. Cronin
BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia | 2003
Arthur J. Cronin; N.M. Aucutt-Walter; T Budinetz; C.P. Bonafide; N.A. DiVittore; Vitaly Gordin; H.G. Schuler; R.H. Bonneau
Anesthesiology | 2002
Arthur J. Cronin; Christopher P. Bonafide; Nicole A. DiVittore; Vitaly Gordon; Natalie M. Aucutt-Walters