Arthur Schall

Acceptance of Social Robots by Elder People: Does Psychosocial Functioning Matter?

This study aims at investigating the relevance of psychosocial functioning for the acceptance of social robots by elder people in the context of everyday functioning. It was assumed that the level of psychosocial functioning either hinders or promotes robot acceptance, depending on the fit between elder people’s level of everyday functioning and the demands imposed by the robot (user–technology fit). To investigate this assumption, two social robots imposing different demands on the user, i.e., the easy-to-handle therapeutic robot Paro (low demands) and the less intuitive telepresence robot Giraff (high demands), were introduced successively to

What Is Emotional About Emotional Robotics

N=29

MultiTANDEM: Training the Trainer to Improve Homecare for People with Dementia

N=29 cognitively and physically healthy elder people. To implement different levels of user–technology fit, participants rated their intention to use each robot for both a scenario of high and a scenario of low everyday functioning. Psychosocial functioning was assessed with emotional loneliness, depressive mood and life satisfaction as indicators of psychological well-being, and social support as indicator of social resources. Results show that lower social support was associated with higher acceptance of the less intuitive robot Giraff in the high everyday functioning scenario (adequate user–technology fit). In the low everyday functioning scenario (poor fit), however, lower psychological well-being was associated with lower acceptance of Giraff. For the rather intuitive robot Paro (adequate user–technology fit regardless of the level of everyday functioning), lower life satisfaction was associated with lower acceptance in both everyday functioning scenarios. The findings show the importance of psychosocial variables for the acceptance of social robots by elder people and underline the relevance of the fit between user and technology. Moreover, they suggest a more intense consideration of complex psychological mechanisms and individual user characteristics in research on robot acceptance by elder people.

ART-BASED MUSEUM INTERVENTION (ARTEMIS) TO IMPROVE EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CARE PARTNERS

ARTEMIS (ART Encounters: Museum Intervention Study) is an art-based intervention designed especially for people with dementia and their care partners that involves a combination of museum visits and artistic activity. This paper reports the results of a randomized wait-list controlled study on the influence of the ARTEMIS intervention on the emotional state, well-being, and quality of life of dementia patients. People with mild-to-moderate dementia (n = 44) and their care partners (n = 44) visited the Frankfurt Städel Museum once a week on six pre-arranged occasions. The intervention consisted of six different guided art tours (60 minutes), followed by art-making in the studio (60 minutes). Independent museum visits served as a control condition. A mixed-methods design was used to assess several outcomes including cognitive status, emotional well-being, self-rated aspects of quality of life, and subjective evaluations by informal caregivers. In a pre-post-assessment, we found significant improvements in participants’ self-rated quality of life (t = −3.15, p < .05). In a situational assessment of emotional well-being immediately before and after each of the museum sessions, we were able to demonstrate statistically significant positive changes with medium effect sizes (dcorr = .74–.77). Furthermore, the total Neuropsychiatric Inventory score as well as the affective (depressed mood and anxiety) and apathy subscales were significantly lower after the ARTEMIS intervention (tNPI total = 2.43; tNPI affective = 2.24; tNPI apathy = 2.52; p < .05). The results show that art museum-based art interventions are able to improve the subjective well-being, mood, and quality of life in people with dementia. This promising psychosocial approach deserves further attention in future studies and consideration in community-based dementia care programs.

Sich in der Kunst auf Augenhöhe begegnen

Abstract Emotional robots become increasingly important in future health care scenarios in an aging world. The field, however, still lacks both clear theoretical and methodological underpinnings. The present chapter therefore aims to provide an integrative perspective on current research and theories in emotional robotics. Using the example of the seal robot Paro the chapter, firstly, psychologically describes specific phases of how a human-robot relationship develops over time (biologically driven relationship initiation phase, behavior-dependent relationship maintenance phase). Secondly, determinants of positive and negative emotions-evoking human-animal and human-robot interaction are reviewed from a lifespan approach.

Art encounters: A museum intervention study (ARTEMIS) to promote emotional well-being and improve quality of life in people with dementia and their informal caregivers

than for sung stimuli. Conclusions: We interpret these results in terms of a dual-process model of recognition memory such that the general content questions represent a familiarity-based representation that is preferentially sensitive to enhancement via music, while the specific content questions represent a recollection-based representation unaided by musical encoding. We propose that the perceptual distinctiveness of musical stimuli enhanced metamemorial awareness in AD patients via a non-selective distinctiveness heuristic, thereby reducing false recognitionwhile at the same time reducing true recognition and eliminating the mnemonic benefit of music. These results will be discussed in the context of potential music-based memory enhancement interventions for the care of patients with AD.

Pilot project "MultiTANDEM": Extending the use of training programs to promote communication skills in the home care of persons with dementia

The MultiTANDEM system trains management staff at outpatient nursing facilities to be TANDEM trainers (i.e., multiplicators for social-skills training) of professional and family caregivers for people with dementia. We used a pre-post-1-post-2 follow-up design to evaluate intervention and implementation success. Results showed a significant increase in the communication skills of caregivers and a significant reduction in family caregiver burden. Analyses of the implementation showed high acceptability among multiplicators and a high penetration of TANDEM trainings among their fellow staff members. An evaluation of the sustainability yielded heterogeneous results. Evaluation of impeding factors showed a reluctance among family caregivers to participate. Further studies with larger sample sizes and including all implementation outcomes are recommended.

Time Series Analysis of Individual Music Therapy in Dementia

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