Artur Nowicki

The Automatic Monitoring System for 3D-CEMBSv2 in the Operational Version

� Abstract—The presence of toxic heavy metals in industrial effluents is one of the serious threats to the environment. Heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Mercury, Copper, Arsenic are found in the effluents of industries such as foundries, electroplating, petrochemical, battery manufacturing, tanneries, fertilizer, dying, textiles, metallurgical and metal finishing. Tremendous increase of industrial copper usage and its presence in industrial effluents has lead to a growing concern about the fate and effects of Copper in the environment. Percolation of industrial effluents through soils leads to contamination of ground water and soils. The transport of heavy metals and their diffusion into the soils has therefore, drawn the attention of the researchers. In this study, an attempt has been made to delineate the mechanisms of transport and fate of copper in terrestrial environment. Column studies were conducted using perplex glass square column of dimension side 15 cm and 1.35 m long. The soil samples were collected from a natural drain near Mohali (India). The soil was characterized to be poorly graded sandy loam. The soil was compacted to the field dry density level of about 1.6 g/cm 3 . Break through curves for different depths of the column were plotted. The results of the column study indicated that the copper has high tendency to flow in the soils and fewer tendencies to get absorbed on the soil particles. The t1/2 estimates obtained from the studies can be used for design copper laden wastewater disposal systems.

The use of satellite data in the operational 3D coupled ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea (3D CEMBS)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present an automatic monitoring system for the 3D CEMBS model in the operational version. This predictive, eco hydrodynamic model is used as a tool to control the conditions and bio productivity of the Baltic sea environment and to forecast physical and ecological changes in the studied basin. Satellite-measured data assimilation is used to constrain the model and achieve higher accuracy of its results. 3D CEMBS is a version of the Community Earth System Model, adapted for the Baltic Sea. It consists of coupled ocean and ice models, working in active mode together with the ecosystem module. Atmospheric forecast from the UM model (Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of the Warsaw University) are used as a forcing fields feed through atmospheric data model. In addition, river inflow of freshwater and nutrient deposition from 71 main rivers is processed by land model. At present, satellite data from AQUA MODIS, processed by the SatBałtyk project Operational System are used for the assimilation of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. In the operational mode, 48-hour forecasts are produced at six-hour intervals, providing a wide range of hydrodynamic and biochemical parameters.

Long-term changes in the total development time of Copepoda species occurring in large numbers in the Southern Baltic Sea – numerical calculations

Abstract The study presents changes in the total development time of Copepoda species, i.e. Pseudocalanus sp., Temora longicornis and Acartia spp. occurring in large numbers in the Southern Baltic Sea. The following factors were taken into account: temperature, salinity and concentration of food. The presented research involved simulations with greenhouse gas emissions scenarios A1B and B1. The analysis was performed for naupliar and copepodid stages combined together, and the results present the total development time of organisms from the naupliar stage to the adult form. The calculations were carried out using numerical methods based on the experimental data available in the literature.

Accuracy assessment of temperature and salinity computed by the 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea (3D CEMBS) in the Southern Baltic

ABSTRACT This paper presents a Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea – 3D CEMBS. The model was developed for the Baltic Sea region and forced by atmospheric data from the UM model (by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, Warsaw University). The model was compared with hydrological data collected during cruises of r/v ‘Oceania’. The analysis covers period from 2010 to 2013 for the main inflow axis on Southern Baltic domain. The evaluation results show a temperature and salinity correlation between the data ca 0.8 and 0.92, respectively. Simulated temperatures and salinity are generally well maintained. However, differences between model and in situ data depend on time and space, and arise with higher gradients.