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Dive into the research topics where Arturo X. Pereiro is active.

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Featured researches published by Arturo X. Pereiro.


Brain and Language | 2005

Narrative speech in aging: Quantity, information content, and cohesion

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; Arturo X. Pereiro; María Soledad Rodríguez

This study examined age-related changes in narrative speech of 79 adults aged 40-91 who told stories from their pictorial representations. Quantity, information content and cohesion of narratives were analysed using a detailed transcription and codification system. We carried out a LISREL analysis to study relationships between narrative performance and age, level of education and verbal capacity. Our results showed that aging increases quantity, reduces density of informational content and cohesive reference of narratives and increases the units of irrelevant content. Verbal capacity measured by a vocabulary test improves content and cohesion. The implications of the findings for the cognitive deficit and pragmatic change explanations of narrative speech are discussed.


Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders | 2012

Prevalence and Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints in Primary Care Centres

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; Arturo X. Pereiro; David Facal; Nelly Rodríguez; Cristina Lojo; Jose A. Caamaño; Jesús Sueiro; Julia Bóveda; Peregrina Eiroa

Aims: To examine the prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment (CI) in adults over 50 years old attending primary care centres with complaints of memory failure. Methods: A sample of 580 individuals aged 50+ years with no previous diagnosis of dementia was assessed by use of the Mini Mental State Examination, the Cambridge Cognitive Assessment-Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test – to evaluate CI-dependent variables – and administration of a questionnaire on memory complaints and other instruments – to measure correlates. Results: The prevalence of CI was 46.20% and positive associations were found for age, gender, level of education, subjective memory complaints, instrumental activities of daily living, reading habits and frequency of leisure activities. In the logistic regression, modelled CI was associated with older age, gender (49.12% women, 39.66% men), instrumental activities of daily living, and reading habits. Conclusion: Almost half of the adults aged 50+ years attending primary care centres with subjective memory complaints were affected by CI. Early evaluation of cognitive functioning is essential to establish adequate preventive and intervention strategies.


Language and Cognitive Processes | 2010

Lexical knowledge and lexical retrieval in ageing: Insights from a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) study

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; David Facal; María Soledad Rodríguez; Arturo X. Pereiro

Elderly people experience more failures in word form access (tip-of-the-tongue events, ‘TOTs’) than young people. There is general agreement that TOTs are signs of cognitive decline in older people, but because of the diversity and ambiguity involved in measuring TOTs, certain questions regarding age-related trends in semantic access remain unsolved. Age-related increases in vocabulary may raise the level of efficiency of access to semantic representations and compensate for lexical access failures. We explore the relationships between lexical knowledge and lexical retrieval in ageing by re-examining the data obtained by Juncos-Rabadán et al. on TOTs induced in 140 volunteers aged from 19 to 82 years. We found that older adults displayed significantly more difficulty in accessing the phonological representations of personal names, but not those of common nouns. The results revealed greater semantic access efficiency in older participants. We discuss the findings in light of the transmission deficit theory of TOT production.


International Psychogeriatrics | 2013

Does tip-of-the-tongue for proper names discriminate amnestic mild cognitive impairment?

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; David Facal; Cristina Lojo-Seoane; Arturo X. Pereiro

BACKGROUND Difficulty in retrieving peoples names is very common in the early stages of Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment. Such difficulty is often observed as the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. The main aim of this study was to explore whether a famous peoples naming task that elicited the TOT state can be used to discriminate between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and normal controls. METHODS Eighty-four patients with aMCI and 106 normal controls aged over 50 years performed a task involving naming 50 famous people shown in pictures. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to study the relationships between aMCI and semantic and phonological measures in the TOT paradigm. RESULTS Univariate regression analyses revealed that all TOT measures significantly predicted aMCI. Multivariate analysis of all these measures correctly classified 70% of controls (specificity) and 71.6% of aMCI patients (sensitivity), with an AUC (area under curve ROC) value of 0.74, but only the phonological measure remained significant. This classification value was similar to that obtained with the Semantic verbal fluency test. CONCLUSIONS TOTs for proper names may effectively discriminate aMCI patients from normal controls through measures that represent one of the naming processes affected, that is, phonological access.


Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | 2014

Differences between Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes as Indicated by Event-Related Potential Correlates of Cognitive and Motor Processes in a Simon Task

Jesús Cespón; Santiago Galdo-Álvarez; Arturo X. Pereiro; Fernando Díaz

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent a prodromal stage of Alzheimers disease (AD), although the clinical manifestations of MCI are heterogeneous. Consequently, MCI subtypes are differentiated since amnestic decline (particularly when combined with decline on multiple cognitive domains) increases the probability of progression to AD. In the present study, event-related potential (ERP) correlates of stimulus evaluation (N2), visuospatial attention (negativity posterior-contralateral, N2pc), stimulus categorization (P3b), executive control (pre-response positivity, PP, and medial frontal negativity), and motor (lateralized readiness potential, LRP) processes were studied in 53 participants while they performed a Simon task. Participants were divided into control group (CG), multiple-domain non-amnestic MCI (mdnaMCI), single-domain amnestic MCI (sdaMCI), and multiple-domain amnesic MCI (mdaMCI). Although there were no differences in reaction times and percentage of errors in the performed Simon-type task, a differential pattern of electrophysiological correlates was observed in MCI compared to CG. Concretely, amnestic MCI (sdaMCI and mdaMCI) showed reduced motor activity (LRP amplitude; AUC: 0.84); impairment in executive control (PP amplitude; AUC: 0.80) was observed in multiple-domain MCI (mdaMCI and mdnaMCI); finally, stimulus evaluation (N2 latency; AUC: 0.86) and visuospatial attention (N2pc amplitude; AUC: 0.78) was affected in mdaMCI. Overall, results linked the poorer prognosis of the mdaMCI subtype with a greater number of differences in ERP correlates regarding CG. Therefore, the present results enable us to suggest possible ERP biomarkers for specific MCI subtypes.


Geriatrics & Gerontology International | 2014

Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in adults aged over 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints in primary care centers.

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; Arturo X. Pereiro; David Facal; Cristina Lojo; Juan A Caamaño; Jesús Sueiro; Julia Bóveda; Peregrina Eiroa

To examine the prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in adults aged over 50 years attending primary care centers with complaints of cognitive failure.


Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología | 2010

Una revisión de la investigación sobre lenguaje en el deterioro cognitivo leve

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; Arturo X. Pereiro; David Facal; Nelly Rodríguez

Resumen Aunque existen muchas investigaciones sobre el perfil neuropsicologico del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), los estudios centrados en analizar especificamente sus caracteristicas psicolinguisticas no son concluyentes. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar las evidencias disponibles sobre la caracterizacion linguistica del DCL e identificar los mejores candidatos a predecir el DCL. Los estudios poblacionales han encontrado que medidas de fluidez verbal, denominacion y memoria de palabras son buenas predictoras de la evolucion del DCL hacia la demencia. Los estudios experimentales que comparan DCL con otros grupos proponen las tareas de fluidez verbal y de denominacion, y en menor medida otras dimensiones, como la comprension de oraciones y de textos, o la produccion narrativa en cuanto a contenido semantico y estructuracion sintactica. Se informa de los hallazgos de algunos estudios que han buscado los correlatos neurologicos de los procesos implicados en el deterioro del lenguaje en el DCL. La presente revision subraya la necesidad de estudiar nuevas dimensiones linguisticas, sus relaciones con otros procesos cognitivos y sus fundamentos psicofisiologicos. Se menciona tambien la necesidad de realizar experiencias de intervencion que permitan disminuir el deterioro y evitar en la medida de lo posible su evolucion a la demencia.


Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología | 2006

Variabilidad en el acceso al léxico en el envejecimiento normal

Arturo X. Pereiro; Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; David Facal; M. Álvarez

Resumen Se ha estudiado la variabilidad interindividual o diversidad en el acceso al lexico en el proceso de envejecimiento normal. Las medidas de variabilidad se basaron en el rendimiento de 141 voluntarios con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 82 anos en una tarea experimental de produccion de eventos de la punta de la lengua (PDL) y en dos test de vocabulario, el WAIS y el Peabody. Se realizo un analisis descriptivo basado en la representacion grafica de maximos y minimos y en un analisis de regresion polinomial sobre la edad. Los resultados indicaban que la variabilidad se incrementa con la edad en dos de las medidas utilizadas, TR de los PDL y puntuaciones en el Peabody, pero no en frecuencia de PDL ni en puntuaciones del WAIS. Estos resultados se interpretan, dentro de la teoria de la division de recursos de procesamiento linguistico, como que la variabilidad aumenta con el incremento de la edad en los proeesos on-line pero no en los procesos off-line implicados en el procesamiento lexico. Se discute tambien la implicacion de los hallazgos en relation con la teoria de la inteligencia fluida y cristalizada en la vejez, sugiriendo que la variabilidad aumenta en factores cognitivos fluidos pero no en los cristalizados.


International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry | 2014

Do the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery episodic memory measures discriminate amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; Arturo X. Pereiro; David Facal; Alba Reboredo; Cristina Lojo-Seoane

Although visual recognition memory and visuospatial paired associates learning has been shown to be impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the sensitivity and specificity of the visual memory tests used to identify aMCI are not well defined. The current study attempted to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of three visual episodic memory tests (Pattern Recognition Memory [PRM], Delayed Matching to Sample [DMS], and Paired Associated Learning [PAL]) from the CANTAB, in differentiating aMCI patients from control healthy participants.


Aging Clinical and Experimental Research | 2013

Tip-of-the-tongue in aging: influence of vocabulary, working memory and processing speed.

David Facal; Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; María Soledad Rodríguez; Arturo X. Pereiro

Background and aims: It is well known that tip-of-the-tongue (ToT) states, which are due to failure in the phonological activation of words, especially proper names, are more common in older than in younger adults. Nevertheless, the relationship between increased numbers of ToTs and cognitive aging remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to clarify this relationship by examining ToT production and the performance of cognitive tasks such as working memory and processing speed tests. Methodology: In order to study the relationships between these constructs, the performance of 133 participants in different language, working memory and processing speed tasks was analysed by use of LISREL software. Results: The best fit model included direct and indirect effects of age, mediated by cognitive variables, on lexical production variables. The model incorporated the indirect effects of age on vocabulary through working memory and also the indirect effect of age on ToT through processing speed. Conclusion: The results indicate negative modulation of slowed processing in the age-related increase of ToT and positive modulation of working memory in vocabulary, as well as an absence of any relation between vocabulary and ToT. Assuming that ToT events involve controlled processes, the relationship between slowed processing and ToT in aging could be interpreted as reflecting controlled compensatory mechanisms.

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Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán

University of Santiago de Compostela

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David Facal

University of Santiago de Compostela

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Cristina Lojo-Seoane

University of Santiago de Compostela

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Maria Campos-Magdaleno

University of Santiago de Compostela

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Sabela C. Mallo

University of Santiago de Compostela

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Nelly Rodríguez

University of Santiago de Compostela

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María Soledad Rodríguez

University of Santiago de Compostela

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Cristina Lojo

University of Santiago de Compostela

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