Arun Singh

Silver Binding Nucleolar Organizer Regions Dots in Oral Leukoplakia with Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vivo Study

Silver binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied. The mean AgNOR count per nucleus increased from NOM to ED to OSCC. Tissue showing ED in oral leukoplakia and OSCC cases showed higher counts, wider scatter, and smaller size of AgNOR dots in the nuclei. The study seems to suggest that time method has some potential in distinguishing between NOM and oral leukoplakia with ED and OSCC. Studies of larger numbers are needed to arrive at more substantial conclusions.

Vitamin A Deficiency among School Going Adolescents in Rural Areas of Bareilly

Objective: 1. To find out the prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on the basis of presence of bitot’s spot and conjunctival xerosis among rural school going adolescents of District Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2. To identify the associated factors and to suggest the suitable measures to prevent VAD among them. Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor angiogenesis and the role of mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Increased angiogenesis has been associated with neoplastic progression, metastasis and outcome in several studies and in a number of malignancies. Among the various host immune cells, mast cells have been implicated in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between angiogenesis, mast cells with that of the normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using routine haematoxylin and eosin staining procedure and included immunohistochemical staining for microvessels and toluidine blue staining for mast cells. Results: The microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD) of two groups (NOM and OSCC). The MVD and MCD in OSCC ranged from 59.18 to 263.31 microvessel/mm 2 and 41.65 to 193.28 cells/mm 2 respectively with mean (±standard deviation) 161.73 ± 48.27 microvessel/mm 2 and 83.59 ± 40.67 cells/mm 2. In both NOM and OSCC, the mean MCD was comparatively lower as compared to respective MVD (MCD < MVD) and comparatively lower in NOM as compared to OSCC (normal < OSCC). Conclusion: A significant correlation is present between MCD and MVD in OSCC and also that both these entities are significantly increased in the disease process when compared to that of the NOM.

Sociodemographic correlates of nutritional status of under-five children

Background: Malnutrition is one of the most important health problems throughout the world, particularly in developing countries, and has undesirable effects on the mental and physical health of children. Objectives:The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age (under-five children) and epidemiological determinants associated with it. Materials and Methods:This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on under-five children in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India belonging to the field practice area of the Rural Health and Training Centre of the Department of Community Medicine of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, applying multistage simple random sampling methodology. Data were collected through measuring weight and height, structural schedules, anthropometric nutritional indicators, and face-to-face interviews with mothers. Malnutrition was measured on the basis of the indices underweight, wasting, and stunting. The obtained data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied as the test of significance. Results:The prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting was 33.11%, 46.88%, and 10.44%, respectively. The total prevalence of malnutrition was 57.11%. Malnutrition was found to be significantly associated with age (0-12 months and 25-36 months), sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal education. Conclusion:Malnutrition was found to be more in children aged less than 1 year and in those aged 2-3 years. It was more common in female children, in children of low socioeconomic status, in children from nuclear families, and among those whose mothers were illiterate.

An assessment of the validity of the nutritional indices among under-fives in the catchment area of rural health and training center of a teaching institute in Bareilly

Context: Nutritional status is a sensitive indicator of community health and nutrition. There is a growing realization that adequate nutrition is a necessary first step in the improvement of quality of life. Malnutrition and infection are connected by a vicious cycle. It is one of the greatest international health problems and the biggest challenges being faced today. Thus, to know the magnitude of undernutrition among preschool children and to find out the sensitive tool for detection of undernutrition, this study was conducted among children under - 5 years of age. Aims: To assess the validity of the nutritional indices for screening malnutrition. Settings and Designs: The study was a community-based, cross-sectional survey carried out in the catchment area of Rural Health Training Center, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly. Subjects and Methods: Various anthropometric criteria like, Kanawati, McLaren, Rao, Dugdale and weight for age according to the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) (modified Gomez) classification were used to define nutritional status. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (sensitivity vs. 1 - specificity) were calculated for all the above mentioned indices. Results: Age dependent criteria such as IAP (48.2% malnourished) and McLaren (48.3% malnourished) were followed by the age independent criteria such as Kanawati (74.3% malnourished), Dugdale (45.5% malnourished), and Rao (33.1% malnourished) to classify the mild to moderate malnutrition. ROC showed Dugdale as the best index for the judgement of malnutrition showing maximum area under the curve. Conclusions: Malnutrition being a public health problem leads to morbidity which is a vicious cycle and needs proper attention to curb its detrimental effect on the children.

Role of Public–Private Partnerships in delivering Health Care Services in India

A public–private partnership (PPP) is a contractual arrangement between a private sector and a government sector. Through this agreement, the skills and assets of each other are shared in delivering a service or facility for use of general public. In recent years, there have been many initiatives to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity in provision of health care services in the country. Public–private partnership is one such initiative. Public–private partnership is the first step toward the health care services to improve quality, efficiency, accessibility, availability, acceptability, and equity of the services. It strengthens the existing health system by improving management of health within the government infrastructure and mobilizes the additional resources. Private sector is the most important source of health care services in India, providing maximum health services to the population. In absence of effective public health system, majority of household seek health care from nongovernment sectors. Various partnerships are being pursued under the existing program of ministry, especially RCH-2, independently by the state under their own resources.

A Study of Thyroid Swellings in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

The worldwide prevalence of goitre in the general population is estimated 4 to 7 percent and the incidence of malignancy in goitrous thyroid is about ten percent. Thyroid cancer is the most common among all endocrine malignancies. It is postulated that goitrous thyroid is a precursor lesion to the development of malignant thyroid diseases. As Chhaisgarh is a state well known for endemic goitre, this study focused on establishing the incidence of thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid swellings. With this view a retrospective study was carried out in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bilaspur district of Chhaisgarh State. The present study was carried out among patients with thyroid swellings attending OPD in the Hospital. Total 316 thyroid swelling cases were examined for cytological examination during January 2004 to December 2009 i.e. 6 years duration. All thyroid neck swelling was examined for cytopathology. The maximum 70(22.15%) cases were presented and examined during year 2006. Out of total 316 cases 250(79.11%) were females and 92 (29.11%) cases were belonging to age interval 21–30 years. The mean age of total cases is 34.5±14.4. The majority of cases of thyroid swelling were diagnosed as goiter i.e. 111(35.13%). Based on these observations, although thyroid swelling is quite a common problem among patients attending medicine OPD in the hospital and among these cases goitrous thyroid is more common but thyroid malignancy is not a major issue as observed in the present study. However among thyroid malignancies, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common histological type of malignancy.

Internal fixation of adult diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures using locking compression plate

Introduction: Fractures involving the bones of forearm may result in severe loss of function unless adequately treated. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of locking compression plate (LCP) for the treatment of adult diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures. Materials and Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from September 2010 to June 2013 included 36 patients with 72 fractures. Operative time, callus formation, functional outcome, and complications were recorded. Results: Mean operative time forthe LCP fixation was 70.25 min. The time for callus formation and mean time to bone union was significant. However, overall functional outcome was good. One patient developed superficial infection. Conclusion: In this prospective study involving fixation of diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures using LCP, the outcomes were good in terms of final functional outcomes, mean operating time, callus formation, and mean time to bone union.

Efficacy of fipronil gel over imlprothrin +cypermethrin aerosol in control of cockroaches (Field Trial)

Background and Objectives: Cockroaches are offensive pests visually and expel unpleasant smelling secretion that spoils the flavor of food and environment. This trial was done to test Strikeout bait gel (fipronil 0.055%) developed by Parijat Industries (India) Pvt. Ltd. for its efficacy against Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica , under field conditions in certain catering establishments of a city in Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: Ten catering establishments with high infestation based on pretreatment cockroach density assessment (Four for fipronil gel, four for imlprothrin+ cypermethrin aerosol and two without any treatment to act as a control) were considered for inclusion in trial. Single application of fipronil gel/ imlprothrin+ cypermethrin aerosol was used as crack and crevice treatment. The visual assessment data for cockroach density in treatment and control catering establishments were considered for computation of percent reduction of cockroach infestation in the respective catering establishments. Results: Single application of fipronil gel was able to reduce cockroach infestation up to 96.0% at the end of 12 weeks whereas it was 20% in imlprothrin+ cypermethrin aerosol treated areas. Differences were found statistically significant. However, imlprothrin+ cypermethrin aerosol was more effective (52.0%) in reducing the cockroach density by first week in comparison to fipronil gel (47.8%) but its efficacy started declining after 5th week onwards. Interpretation and Conclusion: The study reports the efficacy of Strikeout bait gel (fipronil 0.055%) for control of cockroaches in catering establishments. The application Strikeout bait gel (fipronil 0.055%) was found more convenient to both operators and clients and there was minimal disruption at workplace.