Arup Giri
Defence Research and Development Organisation
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Featured researches published by Arup Giri.
Scientific Reports | 2017
Sahil Kalia; Vijay K. Bharti; Deepak Gogoi; Arup Giri; Bhuvnesh Kumar
Identification of appropriate breeds of broilers and development of new feed additives is required for the development of poultry industry at high altitude. Therefore, this experiment was conducted first to identify the suitable broiler strain for this region. One week old chicks (150) from three broiler strains, i.e. Vencobb, RIR cross-bred, and Hubbard were randomly selected and divided equally into three groups. All the chicks were provided the same basal diet. The body weight gain and feed: gain responses were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in RIR cross-bred. Mortality was also observed lower in RIR cross-bred. Thereafter, the second trial was conducted in RIR cross-bred to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation (T1@ 9 gm/kg feed, T2@ 18 gm/kg feed) on their performance and mortality. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed: gain, and water intake among the three groups, however, mortality from ascites and coccidiosis was reduced in probiotic treated groups. Hence, our results suggest that RIR cross-bred is suitable for rearing in high altitude regions and probiotic supplementation has no beneficial effects on production performance of broilers at high altitude. However, probiotic supplementation indicated lesser loss due to mortality of birds.
Journal of Advanced Research | 2017
Sahil Kalia; Vijay K. Bharti; Arup Giri; Bhuvnesh Kumar
Graphical abstract
Scientific Reports | 2018
Preeti Verma; Ankita Sharma; Monika Sodhi; Kiran Thakur; R. S. Kataria; Saket K. Niranjan; Vijay K. Bharti; Prabhat Kumar; Arup Giri; Sahil Kalia; Manishi Mukesh
Ladakhi cattle is native population of Leh and Ladakh region and constantly exposed to hypobaric hypoxia over many generations. In present study, transcriptome signatures of cattle from Ladakh region (~5500 m) and Sahiwal cattle from tropical regions were evaluated using Agilent 44 K microarray chip. The top up-regulated genes in Ladakhi cows were INHBC, ITPRI, HECA, ABI3, GPR171, and HIF-1α involved in hypoxia and stress response. In Sahiwal cows, the top up-regulated genes eEF1A1, GRO1, CXCL2, DEFB3 and BOLA-DQA3 were associated with immune function and inflammatory response indicating their strong immune potential to combat the pathogens prevalent in the tropical conditions. The molecular pathways highly impacted were MAPK signaling, ETC, apoptosis, TLR signaling and NF- kB signaling pathway indicating signatures of adaptive evolution of these two cattle types in response to diverse environments. Further, qPCR analysis revealed increased expression of DEGs such as HIF-1, EPAS-1, VEGFA, NOS2, and GLUT-1/SLC2A1 in cattle types from high altitude suggesting their pivotal role in association with high altitude adaptation. Based on data generated, native cattle of Ladakh region was found to be genetically distinct from native cattle adapted to the tropical region of India.
Scientific Reports | 2018
Sahil Kalia; Vijay K. Bharti; Arup Giri; Bhuvnesh Kumar; Achin Arora; S. S. Balaje
Extremes of climate and hypobaric hypoxia cause poor growth performance in broiler chickens at high altitude. The present study examined the potential of Hippophae rhamnoides extract as phytogenic feed additive for broilers reared at 3500 m above mean sea level (MSL). Higher content of phytomolecules were recorded during characterization of the extract. Immunomodulatory activity of extract was observed in chicken lymphocytes through in-vitro studies. Thereafter, for in vivo study, 105 day old Rhode Island Red (RIR) Cross-bred chicks were randomly distributed in to control and treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 which were supplemented with H. rhamnoides aqueous extract along with basal diet, at level of 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of chicken, respectively. Among the experimental groups, birds in the T3 group represent the highest body weight. Furthermore, treatment group birds had shown better physio-biochemical indices as compared to control group birds. Interestingly, lower mortality rate due to ascites and coccidiosis was recorded in treatment groups and therefore, higher net return was observed. Hence, present investigation demonstrated the beneficial effect of H. rhamnoides extract (@200 mg/kg) at high altitude and therefore, may be used in formulation of feed additive for poultry ration.
Archive | 2018
Vijay K. Bharti; Arup Giri; R. S. Srivastava
Abstract Melatonin, the hormone of darkness and messenger of the photoperiod, is also well known to exhibit strong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. This is important neuroendocrine secretion of pineal gland through mediation of suprachiasmatic nucleus. Melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone’s intense radical scavenging capacity and upregulation of cellular and extracellular antioxidant defense system. The present chapter reviews the hepatoprotective potential of this pineal hormone in various models of oxidative stress in vivo. Melatonin’s influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and other potentially relevant pathways, such as nitric oxide signaling, hepatic cytokine, and heat shock protein expression, are reviewed. Extensive studies show that melatonin may be a suitable therapeutic molecule to reduce liver damage after sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia/reperfusion, and in toxic liver injury.
Cell Biology International | 2018
Preeti Verma; Ankita Sharma; Monika Sodhi; Kiran Thakur; Vijay K. Bharti; Prabhat Kumar; Arup Giri; Sahil Kalia; Shelesh Kumar Swami; Manishi Mukesh
Ladakh is an important part of the Trans‐Himalayan region located between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south in the state of Jammu and Kashmir of India. The local cattle from Leh and Ladakh region, known as “Ladakhi cattle” is a unique germplasm having an excellent adaptation potential to high altitude hypobaric stress. In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the transcriptional pattern of hypoxia inducing factor‐1 (HIF‐1) and several of its regulated genes in PBMCs of local Ladakhi cattle, Holstein Frisian crosses, Jersey (exotic) maintained at high altitude region and Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Karan Fries (cross bred) cattle maintained in tropical environment. The combined data set indicated increased expression of HIF‐1 and its regulated genes viz., glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hexokinase (HK2) in high altitude cattle indicating their importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis during high altitude hypoxia. The data indicated that hypoxia associated genes accumulated under hypoxic conditions are part of an essential adaptive component for adaptation to the high altitude of the trans‐Himalayan region. In contrary, higher expression of molecular chaperons’ viz., HSP70 and HSP90 in tropically adapted cattle give tolerance to high ambient temperature prevalent in tropical condition. In conclusion, HIF‐1 and its regulatory genes could be termed as important candidates for producing homeostatic responses to hypoxia in cattle populations reared in higher altitudes of the Trans‐Himalayan region.
Biological Rhythm Research | 2018
Arup Giri; Vijay K. Bharti; Sahil Kalia; Tilak Raj; Omprakash Chaurasia
ABSTRACT Ladakh is the cold-desert high-altitude region located in the Trans-Himalayan region of India. This region is characterized by very harsh environmental conditions with hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in domestic animals. In these circumstances this study has been carried out to analyze the effects of different seasons and high altitude stress on serum and milk antioxidant status of cow to monitor health and milk production. A total of 140 clinically healthy lactating Jersey cross-bred cows were used for the sample collection in the two successive season’s viz. summer and winter. Blood lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during the winter season. Whereas, the blood and milk antioxidant capacity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the winter season as compared to the summer season. Milk production showed significant (p < 0.05) higher in the summer seasons than the winter season. This study indicated unfavourable THI for dairy cattle which caused stress to Jersey crossbred cows. This physiological status was attributed to changes in antioxidant status in studied animals. This is also supported by the antioxidant capacity of milk samples. Hence, microenvironment management should be given utmost importance for the better cattle health management in this region for the better production level. Graphical Abstract
Peertechz Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology | 2017
Vijay K. Bharti; Arup Giri; Krishna Kumar
Physico-chemical properties and minerals status is an important decisive factor for assessment of drinking water quality. There are limited literatures on this aspect for drinking water quality of high altitude areas; therefore, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate different physico-chemical parameters and some essential minerals status in different drinking water sources. These water samples were collected from different sources like deep tube well, spring, and river from different villages of Leh District, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Thereafter, it was analyzed for physico-chemical parameters viz. dissolve oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, and nitrate according to standard methods. Similarly, all the essential minerals viz. sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, sulphur, and manganese were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All the results were compared with the WHO standard for drinking water. The fi ndings of this investigation indicated that dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness were above the desirable level at some places as per WHO standards. Whereas, chloride, nitrate, and sulphate levels were lower in all the water samples collected across the sources. Among all the minerals, iron, potassium and aluminium level were above and sodium, magnesium, and manganese were lower than the desirable level at all the different altitude as per WHO standards. Interestingly, chloride, sodium, sulphur and aluminium level were high in Indus river water collected from the nearby city area. Therefore, it can be concluded that water sources near the city area are more contaminated than the other sites. Hence, present fi ndings indicated variation in physico-chemical parameters and mineral status of water of different sources of high altitude Himalayan region. More or less, the quality of drinking water is suitable for consumption except the hardness and aluminium level. Research Article Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Minerals Status of Different Water Sources at High Altitude Vijay K Bharti*, Arup Giri and Krishna Kumar Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), DRDO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India Dates: Received: 30 December, 2016; Accepted: 12 January, 2017; Published: 18 January, 2017 *Corresponding author: Vijay K Bharti, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), DRDO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India, E-mail:
Archive | 2017
Arup Giri; Vijay K. Bharti
Statement of the Problem: A challenge faced when growing fruit in orchards is efficient weed control. Weed control is often done with tractors and mowing devices. The labour intensive nature of this operation causes that the frequency of mowing is limited to a minimum. An autonomous platform that can carry out this operation without human intervention would allow farmers to regularly tackle weeds in their orchards without the large labour requirement. In the design of an autonomous orchard robot, a combination of sensors and navigation algorithms need to be chosen which provides similar or higher navigational accuracies compared to current mowing with manual steering. The objective of this study is to investigate the accuracy of a sensor and algorithm combination for autonomous in-row navigation of an orchard robot.12 and 2012-13 to study the effect of split application of ld (7.25-7.45 t ha-1) and availability of kg ha-1 was significantly superior over the rest treatments. Significantly at par, 10 NPK (75% RDF) N1/3 (7DAT+ MT+PI) P and KStatement of the Problem: Quails are bred for their meat and eggs in East Asia, and are widely used as experimental model animals at research institutes around the world. We are currently focusing on subclinical infection in quail with infectious diseases, such as influenza. Utilization of innate immunity has the potential to reduce the use of antibiotics and to control the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. We identified the gene families of four quail host-defense peptides (HDPs): NK-lysin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), cathelicidin (CATH) and β-defensin (AvBD), and investigated their genetic diversity.
Peertechz Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology | 2017
Vijay K. Bharti; Arup Giri; Krishna Kumar