Arvind Rajwanshi

Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary thyroid lymphoma: a report of ten cases

Primary lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy of the thyroid, comprising of 0.6 to 5 per cent of thyroid cancers in most series. Primary thyroid lymphomas (PTL) occur most commonly in elderly women and are commonly of B- cell origin. These frequently present in clinical stage IE and IIE. We report here ten cases of PTL diagnosed over a period of about 7 years in our institute. Out of these ten cases, nine were diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and one case was misdiagnosed as lymphocytic thyroiditis. This case was diagnosed as Non- Hodgkins lymphoma on surgical specimen. Five patients are disease free and doing well, while two died of disease and the other two were lost to follow-up. One patient is currently on chemotherapy. The salient clinical, biochemical, radiological features, FNA findings along with diagnostic difficulties are discussed.

Telomerase activity, telomere length and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in hepatocellular carcinoma is independent of hepatitis virus status

Background: Telomerase expression and the maintenance of a critical telomere length (TL) in cancer initiation indicates that telomere shortening and telomerase expression initiates cancer by induction of chromosomal instability.

Human papilloma virus associated head and neck cancer: A PCR based study.

Head and neck cancers (HNC), 90% of which are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), rank sixth among all malignancies worldwide and comprise 40–50% of the total number of malignancies in India. In addition to alcohol and tobacco usage, which is the major source of oral carcinogens, viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV) may also contribute to development of the malignancy. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers using material from metastatic site.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Mastitis

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between granulomas in the breast and tuberculous mastitis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 22 breast aspirates that showed epithelioid cell granulomas. The aspirates were reviewed and the cytomorphologic findings summarized. RESULTS Aspiration cytology revealed epithelioid cell granulomas along with giant cells, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate. Overall acid-fast bacillus (AFB) positivity was 22.7%. AFB positivity was greater in the presence of necrosis when epithelioid cells were absent. CONCLUSION In a country like India, the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis must be made with caution, even in the absence of AFB. Only after a sufficient trial of antituberculosis treatment has been given and the patient fails to respond should an alternative diagnosis be suggested.

Histoplasmosis: cytodiagnosis and review of literature with special emphasis on differential diagnosis on cytomorphology.

N. Gupta, S. K. Arora, A. Rajwanshi, R. Nijhawan and R. Srinivasan
Histoplasmosis: cytodiagnosis and review of literature with special emphasis on differential diagnosis on cytomorphology

Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal lymph nodes: experience in 102 patients.

We present our experience with sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 102 patients. The biopsied lymph nodes measured 1 to 6 cm (mean, 2.3 cm) and were located at the porta hepatis (n = 23), in the peripancreatic (n = 31), paraaortic (n = 22), aortocaval (n = 1), common iliac (n = 3), or external iliac (n = 6) regions, or in the mesentery (n = 16). Material sufficient for cytologic analysis was obtained in 87 (85.2%) of the 102 patients. The cytologic diagnosis in these patients included malignancy in 47 patients, tuberculosis in 28 patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 patients, and aspergillosis in two patients. In the other 15 patients, fine needle aspiration biopsy could not provide a definitive diagnosis. No major or minor complications occurred in our study. Thus, sonographic guidance is an effective alternative to computed tomography for biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

Immunochemistry for oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 on cell blocks in primary breast carcinoma.

K. Kumar S, N. Gupta, A. Rajwanshi, K. Joshi and G. Singh

Functional biomarkers in cervical precancer: an overview.

Cervical cancer develops over a long time through precursor lesions that can be detected by cytological screening. Majority of these lesions regress spontaneously. Therefore, the challenge of cervical cancer screening is to detect the lesions that have a high risk of progression. Several promising biomarkers have been described that may improve screening of cervical cancer, but to date, new biomarkers have not been thoroughly validated in high‐quality studies.

Atypical glandular cells in cervical smears: histological correlation and a suggested plan of management based on age of the patient in a low-resource setting

Objectives:  To perform an audit of all smears reported as atypical glandular cells (AGC) using the Bethesda system (TBS) 2001.

Pathology of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in Chandigarh, north India: an audit of 200 cases diagnosed by needle aspiration

Objective:  Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph nodes can be used routinely as a first‐line diagnostic test. The majority of studies reveal a malignant cause for palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes. The present audit further emphasizes the use of FNAC as a first‐line investigation for the evaluation of enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes.