Asghar Abbasi

The effects of ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids on perceived pain and external symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in untrained men.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ingestion of omega-3 on perceived pain and external symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness after eccentric exercise in knee extensors. Design:A randomized, double-blinded, repeated measures design was used for this study. Setting:The study was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Faculty of Humanities of Urmia University. Participants:Twenty-seven men, who had not participated in any training program 60 days before their participation in this study, were recruited. All subjects finished the study. Interventions:Knee range of motion (ROM), perceived pain, and thigh circumference of the right leg were taken before, immediately, and after 24 and 48 hours after an eccentric exercise. Subjects were assigned to one of the experimental (1.8 g/d omega-3), placebo (R.P. Scherer), or control groups. Main Outcome Measures:Subjects self-reported the perceived pain level of the lower limbs using the Talag mentally corrected scale. Thigh circumference was measured by using a Gulick anthropometric tape. Knee ROM was determined by using a Jamar goniometer. Results:No differences among treatments were observed for pain and ROM before, immediately, and 24 hours after the exercise. However, observed differences in perceived pain and ROM were obvious at 48 hours postexercise. In the case of thigh circumference, differences were at 24 and 48 hours postexercise, and there was no difference before and immediately after exercise. Conclusions:Ingestion of omega-3 can be effective in ameliorating delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise.

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation attenuates inflammatory markers after eccentric exercise in untrained men.

Objective:To examine the effect of ingestion of omega-3 (N-3) fatty acids on the production of interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, prostaglandin (PG) E2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) during an eccentric exercise program. Design:A randomized, double-blinded, repeated measures design was used for this study. Setting:The study was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory of the Urmia University. Participants:Forty-five men, who had not participated in any training program for 60 days before their participation in this study, were recruited. Interventions:Plasma levels of PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, CK, LDH, and Mb were taken before supplementation, pre-exercise, and immediately, 24, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise. Subjects were assigned to one of the experimental (1.8 g/d N-3), placebo, or control groups. Main Outcome Measures:Plasma levels of PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kits. Plasma level of LDH, Mb, and CK were measured using an autoanalyzer, a c-counter, and an automatic blood analyzer, respectively. Results:The experimental group showed less elevation in TNF-α and PGE2 immediately, 24, and 48 hours after exercise, when compared with the other groups. Significantly less elevation was shown in the concentration of IL-6, CK, and Mb for the experimental group at 24 and 48 hours after exercise. The experimental group also demonstrated a significant trend toward reduction in the plasma concentration of LDH immediately, 24, and 48 hours after the exercise program. Conclusions:Ingestion of N-3 can be effective in ameliorating, eccentric exercise–induced, inflammatory markers.

The effects of omega-3 supplementation on pulmonary function of young wrestlers during intensive training.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of omega-3 supplementation on young wrestlers pulmonary function during intensive wrestling training. Forty healthy young male wrestlers participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental (n=10), placebo (n=10), active control (n=10) and inactive control (n=10) groups. Participants in experimental, placebo and active control groups performed wrestling incremental training up to 95% of exercise MHR, three times a week, for 12 weeks. The inactive control group did not participate in any exercise training. Subjects in the experimental group were asked to consume omega-3 (1000 mg/day for 12 weeks), while those in placebo were refused any doses of omega-3. The pulmonary variables were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of training program. Results indicated that consuming omega-3 during 12 weeks training had a significantly positive effect on pulmonary variables such as FEV1, FVC, VC, MVV, FEF25-75, FIV1 (p=0.001), but no significant changes were observed in FEV1% (p=0.141) and FIV1% (p=0.117). The results of the present study suggest that consuming omega-3 during intensive wrestling training can improve pulmonary function of athletes during and in post-exercise.

Exhaustive exercise modifies different gene expression profiles and pathways in LPS-stimulated and un-stimulated whole blood cultures

Exhaustive exercise can interfere with immunity, causing transient immunosuppression and infections/inflammation in athletes. We used microarray technology to analyze the gene expression profiles of whole blood in short time (1h) LPS-stimulated and un-stimulated cultures drawn before, 30min after, 3h after and 24h after a half-marathon run. Four male and 4 female athletes participated. Exercise induced differential expression of genes known to be involved in innate immunity/inflammatory response, metabolic response, DNA methylation, apoptosis and regulation of brain function. Several genes with prominent anti-inflammatory function were up-regulated in un-stimulated cultures, including ARG-1, SOCS3, DUSP-1, ORMs, IRAK3, and GJB6. Some of these genes were also strongly up-regulated in LPS-stimulated cultures (ARG-1, ORM2, and GJB6). Some genes were strongly up-regulated through exercise in LPS-stimulated cultures, but not in un-stimulated cultures (TNIP3, PLAU, and HIVEP1). There was also a row of genes, which were strongly down-regulated by exercise in LPS-stimulated cultures, notably IFN-β1 and CXCL10. Exercise also significantly changed the expression of genes (OLIG2, TMEM106B) which are known to be related to brain function and expression of which has never been documented in peripheral blood. In summary, exhaustive exercise, in addition to modifying gene expression in un-stimulated cells, could also interfere with the early gene expression response to endotoxin. There was an anti-inflammatory bias of gene regulation by exercise, including genes involved in the negative regulation of TLRs signalling. The results of the present study demonstrate that some potentially important effects of exercise can only be detected in relation to pathogen stimulation.

Comparison of Seminal Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Between Elite Athletes, Active and Non Active Men

Bakhtyar Tartibian1, Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki1, Asghar Abbasi2, Mehdi Eghbali3, Siamak Asri-Rezaei3 and Hinnak Northoff4 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia 2Institute of Sport Science, University of Tuebingen 3Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 4Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University of Tuebingen 1,3Iran 2,4Germany

Die Wirkung körperlicher Aktivität auf das Immunsystem

Korperliche Betatigung kann je nach Art, Intensitat und Dauer sowohl positive als auch gelegentlich negative Auswirkungen auf das Immunsystem haben. Dabei sind die Einflussfaktoren und -mechanismen vielfaltig. Das vorliegende Kapitel stellt die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse und den aktuellen Forschungsstand in Kurzform vor.