Ashraf M. Abu-Seida

Regenerative Potential of Immature Permanent Teeth with Necrotic Pulps after Different Regenerative Protocols

INTRODUCTION Regenerative endodontics is a promising alternative treatment for immature teeth with necrotic pulps. The present study was performed to assess the regenerative potential of young permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulp after the following treatment protocols: (1) a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug, (2) the regenerative endodontic protocol (blood clot scaffold), and (3) the regenerative endodontic protocol with a blood clot and an injectable scaffold impregnated with basic fibroblast growth factor. METHODS Immature necrotic permanent maxillary central incisors (n = 36) of patients 9-13 years old were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment protocol: the MTA group (MTA apical plug), the REG group (regenerative endodontic protocol [blood clot]), and the FGF group (regenerative endodontic protocol [blood clot + injectable scaffold]). Follow-up was done up to 18 months. Standardized radiographs were digitally evaluated for an increase in root length and thickness, a decrease in the apical diameter, and a change in periapical bone density. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 18 months, most of the cases showed radiographic evidence of periapical healing. Groups 2 and 3 showed a progressive increase in root length and width and a decrease in apical diameter. CONCLUSIONS The regenerative endodontic procedure allowed the continued development of roots in teeth with necrotic pulps. The use of artificial hydrogel scaffold and basic fibroblast growth factor was not essential for repair.

Regenerative potential following revascularization of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps.

AIM To assess the regenerative potential of immature teeth with necrotic pulps following revascularization procedure in dogs. METHODOLOGY Necrotic pulps and periapical pathosis were created by infecting 108 immature teeth, with 216 root canals in nine mongrel dogs. Teeth were divided into three equal groups according to the evaluation period. Each group was further subdivided into six subgroups according to the treatment protocol including MTA apical plug, revascularization protocol, revascularization enhanced with injectable scaffold, MTA over empty canal. All root canals were disinfected with a triple antibiotic paste prior to revascularization with the exception of control subgroups. After disinfection, the root length, thickness and apical diameter were measured from radiographs. Histological evaluation was used to assess the inflammatory reaction, soft and hard tissue formation. RESULTS In the absence of revascularization, the length and thickness of the root canals did not change over time. The injectable scaffold and growth factor was no more effective than a revascularization procedure to promote tooth development following root canal revascularization. The tissues formed in the root canals resembled periodontal tissues. CONCLUSION The revascularization procedure allowed the continued development of roots in teeth with necrotic pulps.

Effect of Propolis on Experimental Cutaneous Wound Healing in Dogs

This study evaluates clinically the effect of propolis paste on healing of cutaneous wound in dogs. Under general anesthesia and complete aseptic conditions, two full thickness skin wounds (3 cm diameter) were created in each side of the chest in five dogs, one dorsal and one ventral, with 10 cm between them. These wounds were randomly allocated into two groups, control group (10 wounds) and propolis group (10 wounds). Both groups were represented in each dog. The wounds were cleaned with normal saline solution and dressed with macrogol ointment in control group and propolis paste in propolis group, twice daily till complete wound healing. Measurement of the wound area (cm2) was monitored planimetrically at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after injury. The data were analyzed statistically. The results revealed a significant reduction in the wound surface area in the propolis group after 14 and 21 days compared to control group. The wound reepithelization, contraction, and total wound healing were faster in propolis group than in control group during five weeks of study. In conclusion, propolis paste has a positive impact on cutaneous wound healing and it may be suggested for treating various types of wounds in animals.

Treatment of experimental furcation perforations with mineral trioxide aggregate, platelet rich plasma or platelet rich fibrin in dogs' teeth.

This work evaluates the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), platelet rich plasma (PRP) or platelet rich fibrin (PRF) on healing of non-contaminated and contaminated furcation perforations. A total of 192 teeth of 12 dogs was divided into three equal groups according to evaluation period. Each group was further subdivided into MTA, PRP, PRF, negative and positive control subgroups. Each experimental subgroup was further subdivided according to perforation status into non-contaminated and contaminated subdivisions. Root canal therapy was carried out and furcation perforation was made in all teeth except in negative control subgroup. The furcation perforation was repaired immediately in subdivision (1) and after 4 weeks in subdivision (2). The change in vertical bone loss was measured by radiography. Inflammatory cell count, cemental deposition, new bone formation, bone resorption and epithelial proliferation were assessed. Both PRP and PRF demonstrated statistically significant reduction in vertical bone loss and inflammatory cell count than MTA. No significant difference was found between MTA, PRP and PRF in cemental deposition, new bone formation, bone resorption and epithelial proliferation. The non-contaminated teeth demonstrated better treatment outcomes than the contaminated teeth. In conclusion, PRP and PRF are successful treatment options for repairing of furcation perforation in both non-contaminated and contaminated teeth in dogs with superior outcomes in non contaminated teeth.

Regenerative potential of immature permanent non-vital teeth following different dentin surface treatments.

This study evaluates the regenerative potential of immature permanent non-vital teeth following different dentin surface treatments in dogs. Periapical lesions and necrotic pulps were induced in 288 roots of 144 teeth in twelve dogs. Teeth were randomly divided into 3 equal groups according to the evaluation period. Each group was subdivided into 8 subgroups according to the treatment modalities including; blood clot, blood clot and collagen, blood clot and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), blood clot, collagen and EDTA, blood clot and Mixture Tetracycline Citric Acid and Detergent (MTAD), blood clot, collagen and MTAD, positive control and negative control. Apart from control subgroups, all infected root canals were cleaned with sodium hypochlorite solution and triple antibiotics paste before different treatment protocols. After different treatments, the root length, thickness and apical diameter were evaluated by radiographic examination. Histopathological examination was carried out to evaluate the inflammation, bone/root resorption, tissue in-growth in pulp space, new hard tissue formation and apical closure. Using EDTA solution as a surface modifier showed significantly higher levels of tissue in-growth in the pulp space after 6 weeks and 3 months. Addition of collagen as a scaffold caused significantly more bone/root resorption than the other subgroups while EDTA caused significantly lower inflammatory cell counts only after 2 weeks. Final rinse with 17% EDTA solution before blood clot induction has positive impact on tissue interaction along dentinal walls without modification of the cell type. Moreover, the use of collagen as a scaffold material and MTAD as a surface modifier did not improve the quality of the regenerative process.

Cutaneous adenocarcinoma in a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Abstract This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of a rare case of cutaneous adenocarcinoma in a 40-year-old desert tortoise. Surgical excision of the neoplasm improved the general health condition and locomotion of the tortoise although recurrence of the neoplasm had been recorded 1 year post-surgery.

Biological evaluation of a new pulp capping material developed from Portland cement.

This study evaluates the biological properties of a new pulp capping material developed from Portland cement. This study was conducted on 48 teeth in 4 dogs (12 teeth/dog). The dogs were classified into two equal groups (n=24 teeth) according to the evaluation period including: group A (3 weeks) and group B (3 months). Each group was further subdivided into three equal subgroups (n=8 teeth) according to the capping material including: subgroup 1: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), subgroup2: Portland cement+10% calcium hydroxide+20% bismuth oxide (Port Cal) and subgroup 3: Portland cement+bismuth oxide. After general anesthesia, a class V buccal cavity was prepared coronal to the gingival margin. After pulp exposure and hemostasis,the capping materials and glass ionomer filling were placed on the exposure sites. All histopathological findings, inflammatory cell count and dentin bridge formation were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. After 3 months, the histopathological picture of the pulp in subgroup 1 showed normal pulp, continuous odontoblastic layer and complete dentin bridge formation while subgroup 2 showed partial and complete dentin bridge over a normal and necrotic pulps. Subgroup 3 showed loss of normal architecture, areas of necrosis, complete, or incomplete dentin bridge formation, attached and detached pulp stones and fatty degeneration in group B. For group A, MTA subgroup showed the least number of inflammatory cell infiltrate followed by Port Cal subgroup. While subgroup 3 showed the highest number of inflammatory cell infiltrate. For group B, the mean inflammatory cell count increased with the three tested materials with no statistical difference. Regarding dentin bridge formation at group A, no significant differences was found between subgroups, while at group B, MTA subgroup exhibited significantly higher scores than other subgroups. In conclusion, addition of calcium hydroxide to Portland cement improves the dentin bridge formation qualitatively and quantitatively.

Physical evaluation of a new pulp capping material developed from portland cement.

Background This study examined the effects of addition of 10% and 25% by weight calcium hydroxide on the physicochemical properties of Portland cement associated with 20% bismuth oxide in order to develop a new pulp capping material. Material and Methods The solubility, pH value, setting time, compressive strength, and push out bond strength of modified Portland were evaluated and compared to those of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement containing 20% bismuth oxide. Results The statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test. The results show that the strength properties and push out bond strength of Portland cement were adversely affected by addition of calcium hydroxide especially with a ratio of 25 wt%, however, the setting time and pH were not affected. MTA showed a statistically significant lower setting time than other cements (P≤0.001). Portland cement with bismuth oxide and Port Cal I showed a statistically significant higher Push out Bond strength than MTA and Port Cal II (P=0.001). Conclusions Taking the setting time, push out bond strength and pH value into account, addition of 10 wt% calcium hydroxide to Portland cement associated with 20% bismuth oxide produces a new pulp capping material with acceptable physical and adhesive properties. Further studies are recommended to test this cement biologically as a new pulp capping material. Key words:Calcium hydroxide, MTA, Portland cement, setting time, solubility, strength.

A systemic review on ultrasonographic applications in camels

Ultrasound is widely accepted as a safe noninvasive diagnostic imaging technique in animals and human. This review aims to shed light on the current applications and future prospect of ultrasonography in camels. To date, ultrasonography has been used efficiently to study the ovarian status in she camels such as; follicular wave, spontaneous ovulation, optimum time for mating, ovarian vasculature, superovulatory response, ovarian follicular dynamics, ovarian follicular wave synchronisation and follicular deviation. Moreover, it has been applied for collection of cumulus oocyte complexes, pregnancy diagnosis, foetometry, foetal sexing, embryo transfer programmes, assessment of somatic cell nuclear transfer and evaluation of the quality and developmental ability of dromedary embryos. Uterine involution and various reproductive disorders such as; early embryonic death, endometritis, vaginal adhesions, ovarian cysts and ovarian hydrobursitis have been diagnosed by ultrasound. In male camels, ultrasonography is a useful tool in studying the developmental changes of testes and pelvic genitalia including; bulbourethral gland, prostate, and pelvic urethra and predicting puberty and future fertility. Normal pleura, heart, fore stomach, liver, small and large intestines, kidney, eye, udder and teat, foot, carpal and tarsal joints have been successfully imaged. However, very limited affections of these structures including; infectious pleuropneumonia, peritonitis, trypanosomiasis, Johns disease, intestinal obstruction and ruptured urinary bladder have been diagnosed ultrasonographically in camels. Therefore, ultrasonographic application in camels, compared to other farm animals, is still limited. In conclusion, ultrasonography is untapped in camel practice however, it can offer veterinarians the opportunity for more precise diagnosis and treatment of numerous disorders.

Amputation of Polymelia in a Layer Chicken

SUMMARY Polymelia was rarely recorded in birds; therefore, this report records the clinical and radiographic findings in a case of polymelia in a 7-mo-old layer Fayoumi chicken and the outcome of its amputation. The hen had two pericloacal extra limbs located caudal to the normal ones in an inverted position. The extra limbs were immovable and loosely attached to the underlying tissues. The supernumerary limbs had normal skin with ill-developed feathers. The extra limbs were fused proximally and crossed distally. Plain radiographic examination showed unequal numbers of bones and digits in both extra limbs. The right extra limb had a femur and tarsometatarsus while the left extra one had femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus bones. The extra limbs appeared smaller than the normal ones and had neither muscles nor tendons. Amputation of the extra limbs under local infiltration analgesia was easy, safe, and curative. RESUMEN Reporte de Caso–Amputación de extremidades en un ave de postura con polimelia. La polimelia rara vez se ha registrado en las aves, por lo tanto este reporte describe los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos de un caso de polimelia en un ave de postura de la raza Fayoumi de siete meses de edad y el resultado de un proceso de amputación. La gallina tenía dos extremidades adicionales pericloacales situadas caudalmente de las extremidades normales y en una posición invertida. Las extremidades adicionales no eran móviles y estaban unidas a los tejidos subyacentes. Los miembros supernumerarios tenían la piel normal con escaso desarrollo de plumas. Los miembros adicionales estaban fusionados proximalmente y distalmente cruzados. El examen radiográfico mostró un número desigual de huesos y de dedos en ambas extremidades adicionales. La extremidad adicional derecha tenía fémur y tarsometatarso mientras que la extremidad extra izquierda tenía fémur, tibiotarso y huesos tarsometatarsianos. Las extremidades adicionales estaban más pequeñas que los normales y no tenían músculos ni tendones. La amputación de las extremidades adicionales bajo analgesia por infiltración local fue fácil, segura y curativa.