Asif M. Iqbal

Frontline Demonstrations on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield Under Rainfed Temperate Kashmir Conditions

Wheat is one of the most imperative and consumed principal foods at global level. Particularly the wheat species Triticum aestivum (L.) accounts for one-fifth of the total calories delivered to the world population (Reynolds et al., 2010). Wheat has a surfeit of uses nowadays including making different types of bread, biscuits, cakes, pasta, noodles and grain alcohols. Wheat is second most important staple food crop after rice in India and generally provides about 50 percent of the calories and proteins requirement to a vast majority of India’s population. Increased population together with eating preferences has resulted in a considerable upsurge in mandate for wheat in last 50 years (Kajla et al., 2015). Consequently, wheat is now grown more widely than any other crop with global wheat production pegged at 748 million tons (FAO 2017). However, wheat production and yield need improvement to feed the continually increasing world population, and biotic and abiotic stresses are major limiting factors for wheat production as they decrease the crop yield considerably. Therefore, finding ways to improve crop tolerance to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 2121-2124 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Genetic variability in saffron (Croccus sativus L.) clones

The present investigation was carried out at saffron research station pampore, SKUAST-Kashmir during 2010. Fifty clones were planted in a randomized bock design with three replications. Observations were recorded on 10 randomly selected and tagged competitive plants for 11 morphological, physiological, floral and corm traits viz, plant height (cm), number of radical leaves per plant, stomatal frequency, stomatal size (microns), chlorophyll content (%), number of flowers per corm, fresh pistil weight per corm (mg), pistil length (cm), stigma length (cm), number of daughter corms/mother corm and average weight of daughter corms per mother corm (g). Genotypic differences were highly significant for all the tested traits. Components of variability indicated that a wide range of variability existed for number of flowers per corm (0.80–1.96), fresh pistil weight corm−1 (29.00–65.46), pistil length (4.05–5.83), plant height (23.20–35.60), stomatal frequency (11.20–16.40), stomatal size (microns) (21.03–51.18), number of daughter corms/mother corm(3.46–9.30), average weight of daughter corms per mother corm (g) (3.04–10.60) and number of radical leaves per plant (15.40–26.60). Per se performance of genotypes under evaluation revealed a gross fresh pistil weight of 46.36mg corm−1 from 1.26 flowers corm−1 resulting in 3 kg laccha ha−1 with planting density of 5 lakh corms ha−1 showing an increase of 26% over state average. Estimates of phenotypic variance were higher than the corresponding estimates of genotypic variance, thereby revealing influence of environment in the expression of the traits studied. High values of heritability were recorded for all the traits.