Ataul Aziz Ikram

Advances in high throughput DNA sequence data compression.

Advances in high throughput sequencing technologies and reduction in cost of sequencing have led to exponential growth in high throughput DNA sequence data. This growth has posed challenges such as storage, retrieval, and transmission of sequencing data. Data compression is used to cope with these challenges. Various methods have been developed to compress genomic and sequencing data. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of compression methods for genome and reads compression. Algorithms are categorized as referential or reference free. Experimental results and comparative analysis of various methods for data compression are presented. Finally, key challenges and research directions in DNA sequence data compression are highlighted.

Study of temperature effect on microstructures of MCIC ceramic substrate using small angle neutron scattering

Abstract The effect of firing temperature on microstructure and dielectric properties of ceramic substrate was studied. The substrate which consists mostly of Al2O3 was fabricated using tape casting technique. Three ceramic substrate samples were fired at different temperatures of 1100, 1300 and 1500°C. All samples were characterised for dielectric properties. Pore characterisation was carried out using small angle neutron scattering technique, and X-ray diffraction was used to determine grain growth. The present investigation shows that pore/grain boundary relaxation is the foremost reason of dielectric loss in this Al2O3 substrate in the low frequency region and grain size effect (interfacial grain boundary) was concluded to be less significant. This pore/boundary relaxation is found mostly originated from intragranular pore.

Performance of SMARTer at Very Low Scattering Vector q‐Range Revealed by Monodisperse Nanoparticles

A monodisperse nanoparticle sample of polystyrene has been employed to determine performance of the 36 meter small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) BATAN spectrometer (SMARTer) at the Neutron Scattering Laboratory (NSL)—Serpong, Indonesia, in a very low scattering vector q‐range. Detector position at 18 m from sample position, beam stopper of 50 mm in diameter, neutron wavelength of 5.66 A as well as 18 m‐long collimator had been set up to achieve very low scattering vector q‐range of SMARTer. A polydisperse smeared‐spherical particle model was applied to fit the corrected small‐angle scattering data of monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticle sample. The mean average of particle radius of 610 A, volume fraction of 0.0026, and polydispersity of 0.1 were obtained from the fitting results. The experiment results from SMARTer are comparable to SANS‐J, JAEA ‐ Japan and it is revealed that SMARTer is powerfully able to achieve the lowest scattering vector down to 0.002 A−1.

State of the Art Routing Protocols in VANETs: A Review

Abstract Quality of service in Vehicular ad-hoc Network (VANET) is primarily dependent on routing protocols. Maximum throughput, minimum packet loss and controlled overhead are the major ultimate objectives of each proposed routing protocol. The challenging factor in designing routing protocols for VANET is the frequent change in network topology. A number of protocols and algorithms have been proposed for VANETs so for. Most of these algorithms are based on either simulation or theory. In this article, recently proposed routing protocols along with their pros and cons are discussed. In the review process, network parameters, distance, speed, no. of nodes, no. of hops, communication overhead, relative mobility, simulation parameters, simulation tool used, mobility model, performance metrics and compared protocols are taken under consideration. The article is concluded with overall findings and future recommendations.

A bio-inspired clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks: BeeWSN

Abstract Wireless sensor networks can be used for a range of application starting from underwater to internet of things. It is the interconnection of wireless nodes called sensors deployed for a specific purpose. The nodes may be static or mobile in nature. The flat network structure may saturate the network when the number of nodes is very high. The clustering structure may solve the issue when clusters are formed at low cost. Several parameters need consideration during cluster formation and cluster head selection. These parameters are: nodes energy, mobility, mobility direction, nodes degree, etc. In this article, honey bee algorithm is used to select a cluster headset from existing nodes in the network and form clusters based on cluster heads. The problem is first formulated to the dynamic optimization problem and honey bee algorithm is applied in order to select the most suitable cluster heads in the network. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing algorithms.

Honey bee algorithm–based efficient cluster formation and optimization scheme in mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, topology changes very frequently due to node’s mobility. Frequent change in topology increases traffic signaling that may arise energy and scalability issue. Cluster-based routing is the energy-efficient technique in mobile ad hoc networks to address the scalability issue and to minimize control messages. In this article, honey bee algorithm is used for dividing the mobile ad hoc network nodes into different clusters. The bees work to gather in groups to perform their activities. The proposed honey bee algorithm–based clustering forms clusters in an efficient manner with fewer resources such as energy and bandwidth utilization. A node is selected as cluster head based on node degree, neighbor’s behavior, mobility direction, mobility speed, and remaining energy. Due to the efficient nature of bees and maximum parameter’s consideration, the proposed technique inspired from the foraging behavior of honey bees gives efficient and stable cluster formation. The control message overhead is also avoided. The work is validated mathematically, and simulation has been performed for different scenarios. Simulation results are compared with existing clustering schemes. The simulation results show that the honey bee algorithm–based clustering technique used for clustering outperforms the existing schemes under consideration.

Joint energy and throughput based multichannel assignment in cognitive radio sensor network

This paper presents a multichannel assignment problem in a centralized cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN). The basic aim of this problem is to maximize the overall system throughput and minimize the overall energy consumption of the CRSN. First, a weighted sum based optimization problem is formulated. Then the problem is represented using bipartite graph and solved using matching based hungarian algorithm. Finally to evaluate the proposed technique, an exhaustive simulation is carried out and also a comparison is carried out with the Random and Greedy algorithms. The results demonstrates the supremacy of our technique in terms of achieved throughput and energy consumption in a CRSN.

A memetic algorithm approach to clustering in mobile wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the interconnection of wireless nodes with limited energy and memory. These networks can be deployed for many critical applications like military operations, rescue management, fire detection and so on. In flat routing structure every node plays equal role of sensor and a router. The topology may change very frequently due to the mobile nature of nodes in WSNs. Maintaining dynamic topology may produce more overhead messages. To avoid topology maintenance overhead messages, an optimized cluster based mobile wireless sensor network using memetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The nodes in this network are first divided into clusters. The cluster leaders then transmit data to that base station. The network is validated through extensive simulation study. The results show that the proposed technique has superior results compared to existing techniques.

MPPT based ASBC controller and solar panel monitoring system

The simulation work presented in this paper was carried out on microcontroller based Automated Solar Battery Charge Controller (ASBCC) for controlling the overcharging and deep discharging of a battery. The purpose of ASBCC is switching with help of programmed controller. Battery Charge Circuit (BCC) regulates the solar power to charge the battery to maximum specific level. Equipments monitoring has always been essential. Software based Graphical User Interface (GUI) shows the digital values of output voltage, current, temperature and power of solar panel and battery charged status. These data is stored into the computer data base. GUI also indicates battery charging, discharging and load connected to panel. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used to extract the maximum power from Solar panel and force the panel to operate at required power.

Effect of Varying Additives on Aqueous Solution of PEO‐PPO‐PEO Tri‐block Copolymer

The effect of addition of salt potassium chloride (KCl) and detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the aqueous solution of PEO‐PPO‐PEO (polyethylene oxide‐polypropylene oxide‐polyethylene oxide) tri‐block copolymer, i.e. (EO)103(PO)39(EO)103 Pluronics F88 has been carried out. The concentration of F88 was fixed at 5 wt‐% and the concentrations of KCl and SDS were varying in the range of 0.05 to 1.5 M and 0.001 to 0.125 M, respectively. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were carried out using 36 m SANS spectrometer at Neutron Scattering Laboratory, Serpong (SMARTer), Indonesia. The wavelength of neutron beam was 3.90 A and the experiments were performed at two different sample‐to‐detector distances of 2 m and 8 m. A 3He of 128×128 two‐dimensional position sensitive detector (2D‐PSD) with a beam stopper of 60 mm in diameter was used to detect the scattered beam in the range of 0.008<Q(A−1)<0.25. All measurements were performed at room temperature. It is observed that increasing the concen...