Athanasios Alexiou

Modeling the mitochondrial dysfunction in neurogenerative diseases due to high H+ concentration.

Considering the latest researches, disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, low energy production, increased reactive oxygen species and mtDNA damage are relevant to human diseases, mainly in neurogenerative diseases and cancer. This article represents inner mitochondrial membrane as a natural superconductor giving also the corresponding mathematical model; nevertheless the creation of electric complexes into the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the unusual concentration of protons disrupts the normal flow of electrons and the production of ATP. Therefore, we propose the term ‘electric thromboses’ for the explanation of these inadequate electrons’ flow, presenting simultaneously a natural mechanism of this important and unique phenomenon.

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis

Objective: The dramatic increase in the population with dementia expected in the next decades is accompanied by the establishment of novel and innovated methods that will offer accurate and efficient detection of the disease in its early stages. While Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, by the time it is typically diagnosed, substantial neuronal loss and neuropathological lesions can damage many brain regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the main risk factors that affect and increase Alzheimer’s disease progression over time even in cases with no significant memory impairment present. Several potential markers are discussed such as oxidative stress, metal ions, vascular disorders, protein dysfunctions and alterations in the mitochondrial populations. Conclusion: A multiparametric model of Alzheimer’s biomarkers is presented according to the latest classification of the disease.

A cultural algorithm for the representation of mitochondrial population

We propose a novel Cultural Algorithm for the representation of mitochondrial population in mammalian cells as an autonomous culture. While mitochondrial dysfunctions are highly associated with neurodegenerative diseases and related disorders, an alternative theoretical framework is described for the representation of mitochondrial dynamics. A new perspective of bioinspired algorithm is produced, combining the particle-based Brownian dynamics simulation and the combinatorial representation of mitochondrial population in the lattice, involving the optimization problem of ATP production in mammalian cells.

A Bayesian Model for the Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimers disease treatment is still an open problem. The diversity of symptoms, the alterations in common pathophysiology, the existence of asymptomatic cases, the different types of sporadic and familial Alzheimers and their relevance with other types of dementia and comorbidities, have already created a myth-fear against the leading disease of the twenty first century. Many failed latest clinical trials and novel medications have revealed the early diagnosis as the most critical treatment solution, even though scientists tested the amyloid hypothesis and few related drugs. Unfortunately, latest studies have indicated that the disease begins at the very young ages thus making it difficult to determine the right time of proper treatment. By taking into consideration all these multivariate aspects and unreliable factors against an appropriate treatment, we focused our research on a non-classic statistical evaluation of the most known and accepted Alzheimers biomarkers. Therefore, in this paper, the code and few experimental results of a computational Bayesian tool have being reported, dedicated to the correlation and assessment of several Alzheimers biomarkers to export a probabilistic medical prognostic process. This new statistical software is executable in the Bayesian software Winbugs, based on the latest Alzheimers classification and the formulation of the known relative probabilities of the various biomarkers, correlated with Alzheimers progression, through a set of discrete distributions. A user-friendly web page has been implemented for the supporting of medical doctors and researchers, to upload Alzheimers tests and receive statistics on the occurrence of Alzheimers disease development or presence, due to abnormal testing in one or more biomarkers.

A theoretical artificial approach on reducing mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease

Considering the latest researches on the significant between mitochondrial disorders and human diseases, mainly on the nervous system, we propose a novel solution concerning the enriching of healthy mitochondrial population into cells. It is a totally theoretical proposal and refers mostly to mitochondrial encephalomyopathies which involve to brain disorders, like Alzheimers disease.

A synopsis on the linkage between age-related dementias and vascular disorders

The concept of age-related dementias and vascular disorders has now been recognized for over a century. In the present review, we have emphasized on the causes, consequences and the true bases for the treatment and prevention of these disorders. Systematic efforts have been put together to identify the aetiology in each case. Increased efforts have been targeted towards the concept and genetic factors responsible for vascular cognitive impairment and post-stroke dementia in relation with Alzheimers disease, which is a consequence of age-related dementia, especially as they hold promise for early prevention and treatment. It has now been well accepted that vascular dementia is not a single disease but a group of conditions with different pathological correlations and pathophysiological mechanisms. The present review represents an amalgamation of several pathophysiological mechanisms producing a very heterogeneous clinical presentation for developing such consequences. We suggest current diagnostic categories and describe clinical parameters according to recently reported studies that document the demographic data in a standardized manner for age-related dementia disorders.

Superconductivity in human body; myth or necessity.

During the last years there is an increasing trend on the study of mitochondrial populations mainly in neural cells, due to their association with neurological disorders like Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, Autism, and CMT2A. Several studies concerning modeling of mitochondrial protein pathways, simulation of mitochondrial dynamics, biomarkers associated with Reactive Oxygen Species and many other related topics are already published. In this study we establish the idea of natural superconductivity in mitochondrial level as a necessary theoretical framework for the normal production of ATP and the avoidance of adverse reactions in Central Neural System.

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Proteins Related to Neurodegenerative Diseases

Disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the occurrence of proteins misfolding lead to neuronal death, resulting in Age-related Dementia and Neurodegenerative diseases as well as Frailty. Functional, neurophysiologic and biochemical alterations within the mitochondrial populations can reveal deficits in brain energy metabolism resulting in Mild Cognitive Impairment, abnormal neural development, autonomic dysfunction and other mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, in cases of Alzheimers disease or Parkinsons disease, a significant number of proteins seem to form unordered and problematic structures, leading through unknown mechanisms to pathological conditions. While the proteins structure prediction problem is still an open challenge regarding its complexity, several features associated with the correlations of misfolding proteins and Neurodegeneration are discussed in the present study and a computational analysis for the proteins Amyloid Beta, Tau, α-Synuclein, Parkin, Pink1, MFN1, MFN1, OPA1, and DNM1L is also presented.

A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Geriatrics Assessment and Frailty Evaluation

It is a common knowledge that frailty is a condition associated with getting older, and it has been considered as highly prevalent as far as falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality are concerned. At the present time a standardized definition has not yet been established. With that in mind and for frailty being of a vital importance as a term identifying geriatric symptoms, we pursued to embody the well-known 70-scale CSHA Frailty index of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging in a Clinical Decision Support System, after categorizing and expanding it. The proposed categorization in this chapter can be helpful for usage by patients and their relatives, care givers, and medical doctors.

The Quantum Human Central Neural System

In this chapter we present Excess Entropy Production for human aging system as the sum of their respective subsystems and electrophysiological status. Additionally, we support the hypothesis of human brain and central neural system quantumness and we strongly suggest the theoretical and philosophical status of human brain as one of the unknown natural Dirac magnetic monopoles placed in the center of a Riemann sphere.