Athur Mabiso

Evaluating the Knowledge of Breast Cancer Screening and Prevention among Arab-American Women in Michigan

Arab-American women are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced staged breast cancer. We analyzed data from 100 women utilizing a breast cancer literacy assessment tool aimed at understanding functional literacy levels about breast-self exams (BSE), clinical breast exams (CBE), and mammograms. The educational program improved womens knowledge of BSE (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.50) and CBE (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.54), more for women with higher education. Consideration of womens educational status is an important factor in planning educational programs to improve knowledge on breast cancer screening and prevention in this minority population.

A Community-Based Approach to Translating and Testing Cancer Literacy Assessment Tools

Background. To address the issue of cancer disparities among women whose first language is not English, researchers and public health educators are challenged to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate material and instruments. Methods. This study documents the process used to linguistically and culturally translate breast and cervical cancer literacy assessment tools from English to Spanish and from English to Arabic by using a community-based method. Results. Results from field testing the assessments demonstrated good reliability for overall cancer literacy in English (Cronbachs alpha .99), Spanish (Cronbachs alpha .99), and Arabic (Cronbachs alpha .81). Conclusion. Using a community-based approach to translate the cancer assessments helped to insure they were culturally appropriate.

Family history of cancer predicts Papanicolaou screening behavior for African American and white women.

Understanding womens motivations for getting Papanicolaou (Pap) screening has the potential to impact cancer disparities. This study examined whether having a family history of cancer was a predictor for Pap screening.

Family Matters in Mammography Screening among African-American Women Age ≥40

PURPOSE To examine how family history of cancer influences the mammography screening behaviors of asymptomatic African-American women. METHODS Using the National Health Interview Surveys 2000 Cancer Control Module, the authors performed bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions with SAS/SUDAAN due to the complex sampling design. RESULTS Of the 1,531 African-American women in the final sample, 38% had a family history of cancer. Women with a family history of cancer were 39% more likely to have a recent mammogram compared to women with no family history of cancer (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06-1.81; p < 0.05). Eighty-five percent of African-American women aged > 40 with a family history of cancer indicated having a mammogram in the past compared to nearly 70% of African-American women without a family history of cancer. CONCLUSION Family history of any cancer independently and positively predicted mammography screening behaviors among asymptomatic African-American women. This suggests that African-American women with a history of cancer in their family are more likely (and perhaps more motivated) to engage in early cancer detection practices.

Longitudinal analysis of domain-level breast cancer literacy among African-American women

Functional breast cancer literacy was assessed among African-American women and measured at the domain level over time. We used the Kin Keeper(SM) Cancer Prevention Intervention to educate 161 African-American women on three domains of breast cancer literacy: (i) cancer awareness, (ii) knowledge of breast cancer screening modalities and (iii) cancer prevention and control. A breast cancer literacy assessment was administered pre- and post-educational intervention at two time points followed by another assessment 12 months after the second intervention. Generalized estimating equations were specified to predict the probability of correctly answering questions in each domain over time. Domain-level literacy differentials exist; at baseline, women had higher test scores in the breast cancer prevention and control domain than the cancer awareness domain (odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.19-2.34). After Kin Keeper(SM) Cancer Prevention Intervention, African-American women consistently improved their breast cancer literacy in all domains over the five time stages (P < 0.001) though at different rates for each domain. Differences in domain-level breast cancer literacy highlight the importance of assessing literacy at the domain level. Interventions to improve African-American womens breast cancer literacy should focus on knowledge of breast cancer screening modalities and cancer awareness domains.

Breast cancer and cervical cancer control program enrollees inform the Kin Keeper Curriculum

Background. The purpose of this study is to present the methodology of developing the Kin Keeper Cancer Prevention Curriculum Guide and Workbook through participatory engagement of women from underserved communities. Methods. It was developed to cross train community health workers (CHWs) from public health programs to deliver cancer education. Data collection included review of existing educational materials, a 10-minute telephone survey of 146 women enrolled in a Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program and a pair of pre-post training assessments of 31 African American, Latina, and Arab CHWs. Results. The enrollees adequately informed the curriculum and the CHWs increased their scores by 7% (14%) in breast (cervical) cancer literacy; P-values <0.01. Conclusion. The methodology was validated; the curriculum was well-informed and CHWs were effectively cross trained using the curriculum.

Mammography Screening Trends: The Perspective of African American Women Born Pre/Post World War II

Researchers have traditionally combined aging women (aged > or =50 years) when reporting their mammography use. This may inadvertently mask important cohort effects in mammography use, which are likely to result from distinct personal life experiences and generational differences. Using the Health and Retirement Study samples of 1998, 2000, and 2004, we examined cohort differences in mammography use between African American women born before 1946 (non-baby boomers) and those born in 1946 to 1953 (baby boomers). Between 1998 and 2004, screening rates for non-baby boomers declined, while those for baby boomers remained relatively steady. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses suggest that while screening rates decreased with age (OR, 0.957; 95% CI, 0.947-0.968) cohort effects may have partially reversed the age effect, with non-baby boomers having an increased likelihood of receiving a mammogram compared to baby boomers (OR, 1.697; 95% CI, 1.278-2.254). Because African American women are diagnosed at later stages of breast cancer, documentation of cohort differences in mammography use among older African American women is important as health care professionals design intervention programs that are maximally effective for women from different cohorts. This is particularly critical as more African American women in the baby boomer cohort become part of the aging population.