Atsushi Mine

Practical whole-tooth restoration utilizing autologous bioengineered tooth germ transplantation in a postnatal canine model

Whole-organ regeneration has great potential for the replacement of dysfunctional organs through the reconstruction of a fully functional bioengineered organ using three-dimensional cell manipulation in vitro. Recently, many basic studies of whole-tooth replacement using three-dimensional cell manipulation have been conducted in a mouse model. Further evidence of the practical application to human medicine is required to demonstrate tooth restoration by reconstructing bioengineered tooth germ using a postnatal large-animal model. Herein, we demonstrate functional tooth restoration through the autologous transplantation of bioengineered tooth germ in a postnatal canine model. The bioengineered tooth, which was reconstructed using permanent tooth germ cells, erupted into the jawbone after autologous transplantation and achieved physiological function equivalent to that of a natural tooth. This study represents a substantial advancement in whole-organ replacement therapy through the transplantation of bioengineered organ germ as a practical model for future clinical regenerative medicine.

Hydrolytic stability of three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in occlusal class-I cavities

ObjectivesA dental adhesive without small and hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) would be beneficial in order to avoid contact allergies. However, these monomers are important to increase infiltration and polymerization of the adhesive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding effectiveness and bond durability of a more hydrophobic and biocompatible adhesive as compared to a conventional three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive.MethodsSixteen non-carious human third molars were used to determine the micro-tensile bond strength testing (μTBS) and interfacial ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the more hydrophobic cmf adhesive system (Saremco) adhesive as compared to the control OptiBond FL (Kerr).ResultsThe more hydrophobic and biocompatible three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive was able to produce a reasonable short-time bonding effectiveness. In the long term, the collagen fibrils in the hybrid layer were not effectively protected and were prone to hydrolytic degradation. As a result, long-term bonding effectiveness of this novel adhesive was very low.ConclusionsApplication of a more hydrophobic adhesive without altering the application procedure considerably results in a reduced durability of the created bondClinical relevanceOmitting small and hydrophilic components from the adhesive formulation may impair the durability of your composite restoration.

Limited interaction of a self-adhesive flowable composite with dentin/enamel characterized by TEM

OBJECTIVES A new category of composite which does not require any acid etching or bonding protocol prior to application has been introduced. The purpose of this study was to characterize the interfacial ultra-structure at enamel and dentin surfaces by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS Non-carious human third molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (bur-cut dentin, SiC-ground dentin, fractured dentin, bur-cut enamel, SiC-ground enamel, and un-cut enamel). After preparation of the respective surfaces, the self-adhesive flowable composite (Vertise Flow, Kerr) was applied. Non-demineralized/demineralized and non-stained/stained sections of 70-90nm were prepared following common TEM-specimen processing procedures. Additional specimens were immersed in an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. RESULTS The composite-dentin interface was free of voids and no de-bonding occurred during specimen preparation. For bur-cut and SiC-ground dentin, no surface demineralization was observed and the smear contained residual hydroxyapatite. On fractured dentin (i.e. without smear interference), a very thin interaction area of 100-200nm without apparent signs of surface demineralization was seen. When the composite was bonded to enamel, a distinct separation between the self-adhesive composite and enamel was present in all three groups. A tight interaction, yet without distinct dissolution of hydroxyapatite, could only be seen in some regions at bur-cut enamel where smear was absent or sparse. Silver nitrate infiltration was associated with the presence of smear. SIGNIFICANCE The self-adhesive composite showed limited interaction with smear-covered substrates and aprismatic enamel, which explains its inferior diminished bonding capacity in comparison with current adhesives.

Nondestructive observation of teeth post core space using optical coherence tomography: a pilot study

Abstract. Coronal tooth lesions, such as caries, enamel cracking, and composite resin restoration cavities, have been observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). This pilot study was performed to verify whether OCT could reveal details of root canals filled with resin core build-up. A dual-cure, one-step, self-etch adhesive system-bonding agent (Clearfil Bond SE ONE, Kuraray Noritake Dental) and dual-cure resin composite core material (Clearfil DC Core Automix ONE, Kuraray Noritake Dental) were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions in root canals. OCT was performed at three stages of the core build-up: after the post space preparation, after bonding application, and after resin core fabrication. The cementum was removed in the cementum absent group and the root was left untreated in the cementum present group. Bubbles were observed in the resin cores and gaps formed between the resin core and dentin. In the cementum absent group, the internal structure of the root could be visualized clearly compared with the cementum present group. The root internal structure could be observed by OCT and the image became clearer when cementum was removed.

Adhesion procedure for CAD/CAM resin crown bonding: Reduction of bond strengths due to artificial saliva contamination

PURPOSE The present study aimed to elucidate how saliva contamination affects microtensile bond strength of resin cement to CAD/CAM resin blocks and identify a decontamination method that can restore original bond strength. METHODS The KATANA AVENCIA block (Kuraray Noritake Dental) was sandblasted on the adherend surface (P-Co group). Then, the block was contaminated with artificial saliva (Saliveht Aerosol, Teijin). Air dry (N-Co), sandblasting (Sb) and phosphate acid cleaning (AT) groups were prepared. After silane treatment, PANAVIA V5 (Kuraray Noritake Dental) was built up and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured after immersion in water (n=24 per group). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, surface roughness and contact angle measurement of each surface were performed. RESULTS The P-Co group showed the highest μTBS value, and bond strength was significantly lower in the N-Co group than the other groups (P<0.001). In all groups, decreased bond strength resulted from long-term water storage. In the N-Co group, a contaminated layer was observed on the surface by SEM and the contact angle was significantly smaller than the other groups (P<0.001). In Sb and AT groups, μTBS values that were reduced by artificial saliva contamination significantly increased but did not recover to P-Co group values (P<0.001). SEM showed no morphological difference between P-Co, Sb and AT groups. The Sb group showed increased surface roughness. CONCLUSION The long-term durability of bonds between CAD/CAM resin blocks and luting agent cement was significantly reduced by artificial saliva contamination. However, sandblasting or phosphoric acid cleaning can recover bonding effectiveness by 75-85%.

Nondestructive observation of teeth post core-space using optical coherence tomography: comparison with microcomputed tomography and live images

Abstract. No previous reports have observed inside the root canal using both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and x-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) for the same sample. The purpose of this study was to clarify both OCT and μCT image properties from observations of the same root canal after resin core build-up treatment. As OCT allows real-time observation of samples, gap formation may be able to be shown in real time. A dual-cure, one-step, self-etch adhesive system bonding agent, and dual-cure resin composite core material were used in root canals in accordance with instructions from the manufacturer. The resulting OCT images were superior for identifying gap formation at the interface, while μCT images were better to grasp the tooth form. Continuous tomographic images from real-time OCT observation allowed successful construction of a video of the resin core build-up procedure. After 10 to 12 s of light curing, a gap with a clear new signal occurred at the root-core material interface, proceeding from the coronal side (6 mm from the cemento-enamel junction) to the apical side of the root.

Effects of three drying methods of post space dentin bonding used in a direct resin composite core build-up method

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate drying methods for post space dentin bonding in a direct resin composite core build-up method. METHODS Experiment 1: Four root canal plastic models, having diameters of 1.0 or 1.8mm and parallel or tapered shapes, were prepared. After drying each post space using three drying methods (air drying, paper-point drying, or ethanol drying, which involves filling the space with 99.5 vol% ethanol followed by air drying), the residual liquid in the models was weighed. Experiment 2: Thirty endodontically treated single-root teeth were dried using the above-described drying methods and filled with dual-cure resin composite. The bonded specimens were sectioned into square beams of approximately 1mm2 for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing. Nine teeth were observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro computed tomography (μCT). The weight of residual liquid and μTBS were analyzed using Scheffé multiple comparison. RESULTS Experiment 1: The results of air drying were significantly different from those of paper-point drying (p<0.001) and ethanol drying (p<0.001), and no significant difference was observed between paper-point drying and ethanol drying. Experiment 2: The μTBS significantly decreased in the order of ethanol drying, paper-point drying, and air drying (air drying/ethanol drying: p<0.001, air drying/paper-point drying: p=0.048, ethanol drying/paper-point drying: p=0.032). TEM and μCT observation revealed a sufficient dentin/adhesive interface in the ethanol drying group. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol drying was found to be more effective for post space dentin bonding, as compared with air drying and paper-point drying.

Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and sulfinic acid sodium salt treatment on dentin-resin bonding: Long-term durability of one-step self-etching adhesive

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfinic acid sodium salt interposition after acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment (NC treatment) on dentin bonding durability using a mild type one-step self-etching adhesive. Fifteen human third molars were randomly assigned into three experimental groups according to dentin pretreatment before applying the one-step self-etching adhesive: Cont group, without pretreatment; NC group, pretreatment with phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite gel; and NC+AC group, additional treatment with sulfinic acid sodium salt followed by the same pretreatment of the NC group. Microtensile bond strength was measured and the pre-treated dentin surface, fracture modes, and bonding interface were observed. The bond strength of the NC+AC group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.001). The dentin-adhesive interface was degraded after 1 year only in the Cont group. Our results demonstrated NC treatment improves bonding durability and application of sodium sulfinic acid salt after NC treatment improves bonding effectiveness.