Attila Imre

Farming system and habitat structure effects on rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) assembly in Central European apple and pear orchards

In field experiments over a period of five years the effects of farming systems and habitat structure were investigated on staphylinid assembly in Central European apple and pear orchards. The investigated farms were placed in three different geographical regions with different environmental conditions (agricultural lowland environment, regularly flooded area and woodland area of medium height mountains). During the survey, a total number of 6,706 individuals belonging to 247 species were collected with pitfall traps. The most common species were: Dinaraea angustula, Omalium caesum, Drusilla canaliculata, Oxypoda abdominale, Philonthus nitidulus, Dexiogya corticina, Xantholinus linearis, X. longiventris, Aleochara bipustulata, Mocyta orbata, Oligota pumilio, Platydracus stercorarius, Olophrum assimile, Tachyporus hypnorum, T. nitidulus and Ocypus olens. The most characteristic species in conventionally treated orchards with sandy soil were: Philonthuss nitidulus, Tachyporus hypnorum, and Mocyta orbata, while species to be found in the same regions, but frequent in abandoned orchards as well were: Omalium caesum, Oxypoda abdominale, Xantholinus linearis and Drusilla canaliculata. The species Dinaraea angustula, Oligota pumilio, Dexiogya corticina, Xantholinus longiventris, Tachyporus nitidulus and Ocypus olens have a different level of preferences towards the conventionally treated orchards in clay soil. The species composition of the staphylinid fauna in apple and pear orchards could not be considered uniform. The environmental conditions and the soil together have a significant influence upon the richness of species, and the cumulative effects of these factors can modify even the dominance structures of the communities.

A Logical Approach to Modal Verbs 1 Can and Could

Abstract The article aims at a logical approach to discussing can, could, and be able to, organized around core meanings such as possibility, ability, and permission. We argue that the concept of “remoteness” proposed by Lewis in 1986 may simplify enough the explanation regarding the relationship between can and could, and their presentation relies on authoritative sources published for international (English), Hungarian, and Romanian students. The conclusion discusses both the importance and relativity of a number of occurrences (depending on different text types), trying to offer a possible teaching option for modals stemming from practice. The article is connected to the international conference in Miercurea Ciuc, entitled Idegen - Străinul - Stranger, focusing on English as a foreign language through the eyes of non-native speakers.

Marinela Burada–Raluca Sinu: Research and Practice in Lexicography

The majority of people think that dictionaries are taken for granted, being just ‘a collection of words’. However, the present volume signed by Marinela Burada and Raluca Sinu proves that dictionaries are not taken for granted as they are the result of a myriad of strenuous decision-making processes . It is a truly impressive volume from the first sight. The reader can discover a neat and logical arrangement of the content in seven main chapters, headed by a list of figures and tables, acknowledgements, preface, and introduction . At this stage, we do not want to hide the fact that we have approached the book with a certain distance, formulating the (unconscious) question “Do we need dictionaries in the age of the Internet?”, hoping to find a conclusive answer. But Research and practice in lexicography follows its own path into the secrets of compiling dictionaries at such a professional level that the initial question slowly started to shrink and turn completely nonsense after having read the seven chapters, conclusions and browsing through the references . This comes as no surprise because the authors admit it from the very beginning that “This book is the result of years-long efforts” (Preface), and they have worked together with domain specialists . Yet, they warn the reader from the outset that clashes between tradition and innovation in the field “have surfaced more problems than it has actually solved .” Yet, the rationale of the book is supported by the authors’ keen observation, according to which there is an abundance of products on the present-day dictionary market, foreshadowing an interesting development in language dictionaries, commercial dictionaries, and online dictionaries . We also come to realize that considerable efforts have been made by the most prestigious international publishers (Macmillan, Webster-Merriam, Duden) to live up to the expectations of the public, and from this point further the entire book may be considered as the admiration and tribute of the authors towards dictionaries and compilers . ActA UniversitAtis sApientiAe, philologicA, 8, 3 (2016) 171–176

Leverage in Managing Future Translators

Abstract The present paper offers an insight into the challenges of translation training within a young study programme. The introductory part mentions the revolution of the translation industry, which is connected to the technical advances, followed by a short presentation of the institution and the requirements of the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education in this respect. Taking into consideration the market requirements for translators, possible leverage for future translators is presented through the prism of a practical course on translation technology, which is approached critically as well. The article ends with an outline of present-day skills and competences necessary for professional translators and possible conclusions.

Cultural and Specialized Skills of a Subtitler

Abstract The article offers a practical approach to the skills a present-day translator needs in order to create high-quality translations. Although a lot of theories can be found regarding the skills of a translator, it is worth checking the reality, which is the primary aim of this article. After a short introduction about the standard skills, we look into the subtitling of an episode from a TV series. Our presupposition is that a subtitler has to combine all sorts of information from different fields effectively in order to maintain quality, including general and specific knowledge of the subject matter. Furthermore, the particular environment of subtitling may contain certain pitfalls, such as the technical know-how. layout, and constraints deriving from the nature of subtitling. We can draw the conclusion that a well-prepared translator can successfully handle the technical challenges of multimedia translation of whatsoever type.