Auana Vicente Tiago

VARIAÇÃO BIOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Sterculia striata A.St.-Hil. & Naudin

Sterculia striata (Malvaceae), especie arborea nativa do cerrado brasileiro, e conhecida popularmente como chicha e apresenta potencial economico e ecologico. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar e correlacionar as principais caracteristicas biometricas de frutos e sementes de S. striata cultivados no municipio de Carlinda, Mato Grosso, visando verificar a existencia de variabilidade genetica intraespecifica e determinar caracteristicas que possam ser utilizadas em futuras coletas de sementes para obtencao de mudas, apresentando uma nova alternativa tanto para agricultores familiares quanto para projetos de recuperacao de areas degradadas. Neste contexto, foram avaliados 100 frutos e 100 sementes oriundas de dez genotipos de S. striata cultivados no sitio Santana (9°54’24.31”S; 55°46’59.46”W), comunidade Belem, municipio de Carlinda, MT. As analises foram realizadas no laboratorio de Genetica Vegetal e Biologia Molecular da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) onde foram mensurados o comprimento e a largura dos frutos e sementes, bem como a espessura do fruto. O estudo indicou, atraves das medidas biometricas, que a especie apresenta variabilidade das caracteristicas comprimento (108,31 mm), largura (51,89 mm) e espessura (45,22 mm) dos frutos bem como do comprimento e largura das sementes (23,64 e 17,40 mm, respectivamente). Houve correlacao significativa entre o comprimento do fruto com o comprimento e largura da semente, apontando que estas variaveis sao dependentes entre si.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE MURICI (Byrsonima crassifólia L.) NA REGIÃO NORTE DO MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

Byrsonima crassifolia L. is a species that widely occurs in some Brazilian states and surrounding countries. They are typical cerrado trees that have characteristic tropical fruits, which are widely eaten by humans and wild animals. B. crassifolia can potentially be eaten raw or used to manufacture food items such as sweets, juices, ice cream, and jellies. The present study aimed to biometrically characterize fruit and seeds of the muricizeiro genotype that are grown within the urban perimeter of the Alta Floresta-MT municipality, and to determine the characteristics that identify superior quality fruits. Biometric characterization of 400 fruits and 400 seeds from 20 B. crassifolia genotypes was performed, using 20 replicates. The following variables were evaluated: fruit length, fruit thickness, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, fruit volume, brix, pulp thickness, fruit mass, seed mass, and pulp mass. Biometric characteristic analysis was performed via morphological characterization of the fruits and seeds, frequency distribution, and estimation of the correlation coefficient between the characteristics evaluated. The murici fruit and seeds showed variations in most of the biometric characteristics evaluated, and there were positive and negative correlations. The obtaining of fruits with greater amount of mass represents an economic potential. Making it possible to select them from the width measurement (LF) still in the field.

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA E ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DE JATOBÁ: UMA ESPÉCIE COM POTENCIAL ECONÔMICO PARA A AMAZÔNIA

Jatoba ( Hymenaea courbaril L.) is a species that shows ecological importance and occurs in different geographic regions in Brazil. Knowing and evaluating the existence of places with higher genetic variability can help in conservation programs and actions. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure in natural populations of Jatoba with occurrence in Mato-Grosso Amazon through ISSR markers. Fifty-four individuals were sampled in three populations, being one in the municipality of Marcelândia (MA=24) and two in the municipality of Alta Floresta (Comunidade Central AF=17 and Pista do Cabeca PC=13 individuals). Total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaf tissue by the CTAB method. The 54 individuals were genotyped with 10 ISSR primers. A total of 110 fragments were amplified, being 78.2% polymorphic. The greatest diversity indices were found in the population from MA (H=0.25; I=0.37 and %P=65.45). The genetic distance was higher among the populations of the two municipalities (0.17 between MA and AF; 0.16 between MA and PC). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 31.79 % of the total variance is among populations and 68.21 % within populations. There is genetic diversity in native populations of Jatoba in Mato-Grosso Amazon. We recommend that individuals from both populations are preserved, in order to ensure the maintenance of genetic variability and the effective conservation of species in Mato-Grosso Amazon.