Audun Fosshagen

Marine biological investigations in the Bahamas

Abstract A new species of Platycopia, P. inornata ♀, ♂is described and figured. It is closely related to P. sarsi M. S. Wilson, 1946, and P. perplexaSars, 1911, differing mainly in the structure of the 5th leg of the male. The new species was obtained in an Ockelmann detritus sledge on sandy bottoms in shallow water. This is the first record of Platycopiafrom a tropical area.

The fauna of hydrothermal vents on the Mohn Ridge (North Atlantic)

Abstract The macrofauna of the newly discovered hydrothermal vent field on the Mohn Ridge at 71°N was investigated. Samples were collected during the cruise BIODEEP 2006 using the ROV ‘Bathysaurus’. A total of 180 species-level taxa were identified. The region contains very few vent-endemic species, but some species of Porifera, Crustacea and Mollusca may be vent-associated. Dense aggregations of motile non-vent species such as Heliometra glacialis and Gorgonocephalus eucnemis surrounded the vent area, but the area in general only held small numbers of sedentary animals. Calcareous sponges comprised an unusually high portion of the sponge species found and they constitute one of the first pioneers among the sessile invertebrates settling on these vents. Possible explanations for the structure of the fauna in the region are discussed.

Two new genera of Calanoida and a new order of Copepoda, Platycopioida, from marine caves on Bermuda

Abstract The new cope pods were taken in inland marine caves. Erebonectes nesioticus is a calanoid and considered to belong to the Epacteriscidae and characterized by a 27-segmented 1st antenna of the female, essentially unmodified mouthparts and 3-segmented rami of all legs of both sexes, however, with strongly modified exopods of the 5th legs of the male. Paracyclopia naessi is a calanoid and belongs to the Pseudocyclopiidae and resembles Pseudocyclopia, but has 24-segmented 1st antennae of the female, a different setation of the endopods of the 1st legs, and simple uniramous 5th legs of the male. Antrisocopia prehensilis is a platycopiid with geniculate 1st antennae on both sides of the male, with both sexes having essentially similar 5th legs and 5-segmented urosomes. Platycopia and Antrisocopia are considered to represent a new order, the Platycopioida, separate from the Calanoida within the gymnoplean lineage. Antrisocopia and Erebonectes can be regarded as ‘living fossils,’ and it is possible that ...

Mass occurrence of the physonect siphonophore Apolemia uvaria (Lesueur) in Norwegian waters

Abstract At the end of November 1997 salmon farmers in Hordaland County on the coast of western Norway reported mass occurrence of an unknown animal that caused severe lesions and death of fishes. The organism was identified as the physonect siphonophore Apolemia uvaria. A survey of reported sightings (Fig. 1) shows that the species ranged from Gullmarsfjorden on the Swedish west coast to Finnmark in northern Norway. The first known observation from Scandinavia was from Kosterfjorden in western Sweden in early November. After news about death of farmed salmon was first made public by radio, television and newspapers in the last part of November, additional reports arrived almost concomitantly from sites all along the coast (see reports in Havbruksrevyen, internet: http:// www.intrafish.no). Based on problems reported by salmon farmers it seemed that the abundance of siphonophores along the mid-Norway coast decreased after mid December (Karl Tangen, pers. commn). In mid December we made a field survey from...

The Epacteriscidae, a cave-living family of calanoid copepods

Abstract Twelve genera and 20 species of epacteriscids are recorded from marine and anchialine caves in tropical and subtropical waters. Nine genera are new: Eduxiella from Jamaica; Ena111ronia from Lanzarote, the Canary Islands; Balinella, Bojitriella, Bomburiella, Enantronoides, and Oinella from the Bahamas; Gloinella from Cuba; Erebonectes macrochaetus Fosshagen from the Caicos Islands, West Indies is transferred to a new genus Erebonectoides. Six new species of Enantiosis Barr are described, one each from Bermuda, Belize, Galapagos, and Fiji, and two from Palau. Two new species of Epacteriscus Foss hagen arc described from Belize and E. rapax Fosshagen is recorded for the first time in Bermuda. New records of Erebonectes nesioticus Fosshagen are made in Bermuda and a habitat division between three species of Epacteriscus, Enantiosis and Erebonectes from Bermuda is suggested. A phylogenetic analysis of described taxa was performed using PAUP. Based on inferences from this analysis two new subfamilies are proposed: the Erebonectinae (to include Erebonectes and Erehonectoides) and the Epacteriscinae (to include all ten other genera).

15. Ridgewayia (Copepoda, Calanoida) and two new genera of calanoids from the Bahamas

Abstract A new species of Ridgewayia, R. wilsoni ♀, ♂, an undetermined species, Ridgewayia sp., two new genera, Exumella and Placocalanus with the species E. polyarthra ♀, ♂, P. insularis ♀, ♂, and P. nannus ♀, ♂, all collected with an Ockelmann dredge, are described and figured. R. wilsoni is closely related to R. gracilis M. S. Wilson, differing mainly in the structure of the 5th legs of the male. The new genera are considered to be related to Ridgewayia, largely on account of the similar structure of the exopods of the 5th legs of the females. The diagnosis of the family Ridgewayiidae is modified to include the new genera. E. polyarthra has 26 (possibly 27) segments in the 1st antenna and possesses a rather unusual 2nd antenna and maxilliped for a calanoid. Placocalanus seems to be intermediate between Ridgewayia and Pseudocyclops. In both species of Placocalanus the posterior margin of the first segment of the 1st antenna is extended into a large flattened process. The single large aesthetasc on the 1...

Three new species of the demersal calanoid copepod Placocalanus (Ridgewayiidae) from Okinawa, Southern Japan

Abstract Three new species of Placocalanus are described from sandy bottoms off Nagannu Island, Okinawa, southern Japan, at a depth of ca 50 m. This is the first record of the genus in the Indo-Pacific region. A number of differences in segmentation and setation in appendages are found between the Pacific and Atlantic species. In particular the Pacific species have a reduced number of setae of the legs compared with their Atlantic congeners. Specialized characters of Placocalanus such as the laterally compressed prosome, expanded proximal plate of the antennule and markedly modified leg 1 are discussed from a functional point of view. Cooccurrence of several species of a genus is common among demersal calanoid copepods, and is briefly discussed.

Boholina, a new genus (Copepoda:Calanoida) with two new species from an anchialine cave in the Philippines

Abstract Two new copepods were found in an inland marine cave in Bohol. The new genus, Boholina, is considered to belong to a family of its own, the Boholiniidae, showing affinities to both the Pseudocyclopidae and the Ridgewayiidae. The species have fused pedigers 4 and 5, a 3-segmented urosome in the female and a 4-segmented one in the male. The 5th legs and the widely separate gonopores in females are reminiscent of species of Pseudocyclops. The cephalosome is reminiscent of species of Ridgewayia. The two species B. crassicephala sp.n. and B. purgata sp.n. are best distinguished from each other by their relative length of the 1st antennae, the shape of the posterior corners of pedigers 2 and 3, and 5th legs of the males.

A new genus and species of bottom-living calanoid (Copepoda) from Florida and Colombia

Abstract A new species, Epacteriscus rapax ♀, ♂, is described and figured. It is considered to belong to a family of its own which shows some similarities with the Arietellidae and Ridgewayiidae. The mouthparts are reduced and specialized. The mandibular blade is unique among calanoids in having a strong, coarsely serrated process which is directed ventrally and probably used for catching or holding the prey. The legs are generally unspecialized with no reduction in segmentation except for the 5th legs of the male. The species was obtained in shallow water among corals.

Marine biological investigations in the Bahamas. 8. Bottom-living Arietellidae (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the Bahamas with remarks on Paramisophria cluthae T. Scott

Abstract A new species of Paramisophria, P. ammophila ♀, ♂, closely related to P. cluthae, is described and figured. The species was frequently obtained in an Ockelmann detritus sledge on sandy bottoms in shallow water. Comments on P. cluthae and a few observations on living animals of this species are given. Rhapidophorus, described from the Bahamas by Edwards in 1891, is considered to be related to Paramisophria and therefore assigned to the family Arietellidae.