Augusto Guerreiro Fontoura Costa

Produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar submetida à aplicação de biorregulador e fertilizantes líquidos

The present work aimed to evaluate the application of plant growth regulators, associate or not to liquid fertilizers, on the ratoon sprouting and productivity of sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was carried out near Jau city (SP), in a Eutroferric Red Latosol. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with factorial treatment structure 5x5, constituted by five genotypes (IAC87-3396, IAC91-2218, IAC91-4216, IAC91-5155 and IACSP93-6006) and five plant growth regulators treatments associated or not to liquid fertilizers (Stimulate®, 0,5L ha-1; Stimulate®, 0,5L ha-1, + Starter N®, 3,0L ha-1; Stimulate®, 0,5L ha-1, + Starter N®, 3,0L ha-1, + Cellerate®, 0,5L ha-1; Ethephon, 3,0L ha-1, and control), with four replicates. The application of the products occurred at 70 days after the fourth crop harvest. The attributes tillering, stalk productivity, sugar productivity, fiber, pol % cane and total sugar recoverable were evaluated. Ethephon provided better tillering, but this response was dependent of the genotype. The highest tiller number caused by Ethephon did not mean the highest productivity. The application of Stimulate® and liquid fertilizers did not provide effects on the sugarcane technological quality. There was increase of cane productivity and sugar productivity with the use of plant growth regulator Stimulate® for all genotypes, with or without supplementation of liquid fertilizer, being an indicative for increasing the sugarcane longevity.

Tolerância da mamoneira ao herbicida trifluralin em solos com diferentes texturas

The scarcity of registered herbicides for cultivation of castor beans is still a limiting factor for its expansion. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of castor bean to trifluralin herbicide in soils of different textures. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with five replications in a factorial with 8 doses of the trifluralin herbicide (0; 187.5; 375; 750; 1.500; 3.000; 6.000 and 12.000 g ha-1 i.a.) applied at pre-emergence and four types of substrates (washed sand; sandy loam; sandy clay loam; and clay loam soil). At 28 days after sowing, the variables plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, volume and dry mass of roots were measured. It was concluded that the tolerance of castor bean to trifluralin herbicide is influenced by chemical and physical characteristics of soil. In sandy and sandy loam soils, doses of trifluralin below those commonly used for weed control are sufficient to cause the decrease in the growth of castor bean plants.

WEED MANAGEMENT WITH HERBICIDES APPLIED IN PRE AND POSTEMERGENCE ON CASTOR CROP

The aim of this work was to evaluate the weed management with herbicides applied in pre and postemergence on castor crop. The treatments were constituted by management systems using herbicides in pre (PRE) and postemergence (POS): 1) S-metolachlor at 576 g ha-1 (PRE 1) and chlorimuron-methyl at 15 g ha-1 (POS 1); 2) PRE 1 + clomazone at 650 g ha-1(PRE 2) and POS 1; 3) PRE 1, POS 1 and halosulfuron-methyl at 112.5 g ha-1(POS 2); 4) PRE 1, POS 1 and ethoxysulfuron at 60 g ha-1 (POS 3); 5) PRE 1, POS 1 and ethoxysulfuron at 120 g ha-1 (POS 4); 6) PRE 1 + PRE 2, POS 1 and POS 2; 7) PRE 1 + PRE 2, POS 1 and POS 3; 8) PRE 1 + PRE 2, POS 1 and POS 4; 9) hand-hoeing control and 10) non-weeded control. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The association of the herbicides in PRE combined to sequence applications of chlorimuron-ethyl and halosulfuron-methyl or ethoxysulfuron in POS resulted in the highest control levels of Richardia scabraand Cyperus ferax. Mild phytointoxication symptoms to the crop were more persistent with ethoxysulfuron at 120 g ha-1. The acceptable control of the weed species and similar yield to the hand-hoeing control permitted to conclude that S-metolachlor + clomazone PRE, followed by chlorimuron-ethyl and halosulfuron-methyl POS proved to be more adequate as a weed management strategy on castor crop.

Adjuvantes na deriva de 2,4-D + glyphosate em condições de campo

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of adjuvants on the spray drift applications from mixture of 2,4-D + glyphosate. The trial was carried out in field conditions in a completely randomized design. The treatments corresponded to solutions containing mixture of the herbicides 2,4-D + glyphosate (670 and 1068g ha-1, respectively) adding the adjuvants (v v-1): mineral oil (0.5%); anti-drift agent (0.09%); spreader-sticker A (0.1%); liquid fertilizer (0.05%); spreader-sticker B (0.25%); and only herbicides without adjuvantes (control). Nylon strings were used to drift determination outside the application area (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 m away) with 4 replications and six foam cylinders placed on the boom of the sprayer were used to collect the droplets subject to drift. The applications were performed simultaneously, using a specific salt tracer for each spray solution to quantify the deposits by spectrophotometer. It was not possible to verify effect of the adjuvants on drift at different distances of the application area. Based on droplets collected above the boom spray, it was found that susceptibility to drift was lower with the mineral oil and the anti-drift agent. The drift risk was higher with the liquid fertilizer and the spreader-sticker B.

Seletividade do halosulfuron-methyl aplicado na dessecação antes da semeadura da cultura do algodoeiro

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a seletividade do herbicida halosulfuron-methyl para a cultura do algodoeiro quando aplicado na dessecacao antes da semeadura. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em condicoes de casa-de-vegetacao em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro periodos entre a aplicacao do herbicida e a semeadura (0, 7, 14 e 21 dias) e uma testemunha sem aplicacao. Os solos utilizados como substrato em cada experimento foram classificados como arenoso e franco-argilo-arenoso. As avaliacoes realizadas foram: altura de plantas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias apos a emergencia (DAE); diâmetro do caule, area foliar, volume de raizes, massa seca de parte aerea e raizes aos 28 DAE. Foi possivel concluir que o halosulfuron-methyl aplicado ate 14 dias antes da semeadura nao e seletivo ao algodoeiro.