Auli Hakulinen

Finnish kato: From verb to particle

Abstract In this article, the development of the imperative form of the verb katsoa ‘to look’ into a particle kato in spoken language is analyzed. This particle has both the function of an attention getter and that of an explanatory connective. The data consists of spontaneous informal conversations among peers. In explaining the change, the authors use the model for grammatical change which was put forward by Brown and Levinson (1988), where the motivation for the change is seen to lie in the conversational situation. They also take up Traugotts hypothesis about the possible direction of grammatical changes.

The effect of oral immunotherapy treatment in severe IgE mediated milk, peanut, and egg allergy in adults: OIT in severe food allergy in adults

The standard care of severe food allergy in both adults and children means avoidance of allergens. In recent years promising results of oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been reported in children. In adults, information on OIT in severe food allergy is very limited.

Book Reviews : Social Class, Language and Communication. Primary socialization, lan guage and education N:o 1, by W. Brandis and D. Henderson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1970. 153 pages

The study also suggests that the trend is toward increasing frequency of part-time farming in Danish society. If the opportunities to get off-farm work develop favorably in near future, one can expect the traditional social structure of Danish rural districts to disappear at an accelerating rate. About one sixth of the farmers indicated their I willingness for retraining. The highest share was among the farmers with ;i less than 30 hectars of arable land. / The study is quite informative, although it doesn’t give a clear picture of the whole social structure of rural communities investigated. This I blocks attempts at explicating under which structural conditions the agricultural sector of rural communities is most exposed to change. i However, the data without any doubt give some valuable suggestions about the kind of changes that are probably taking place in rural communities when industrial development goes on. The same processes ’~ have begun in Finland, too. Finland, being on a lower level of industrial development, can certainly use the Danish information their experience relating to the I