Aurangzeb Khurram Hafiz

Synthesis and Characterization of Screen Printed Zn0.97Cu0.03O Thick Film for Semiconductor Device Applications

The studies on doped ZnO thick films deposited over large surface area are still a very promising area of research and development. We report characteristic properties of thick film of Zn0.97Cu0.03O prepared by the economic screen printing technique. The film was characterized by XRD, SEM, diffused reflectance, FTIR, and dark resistivity measurement techniques. The XRD and SEM studies revealed polycrystalline, single phase, porous, and granular surface morphology of this Cu doped ZnO thick films. The direct band gap energy of this film determined by diffuse reflectance technique is 3.18 eV. IR transmission spectrum measured in 4000–600 cm−1 region at ambient temperature confirmed the incorporation of Cu2

Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Doped Zinc Oxide Thick Film for Chemical Sensor Application

Zinc oxide and vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles derived by chemical coprecipitation route were used to cast Zn0.96V0.04O thick film by screen printing method. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the film were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-VIS, and DC conductivity techniques. XRD pattern, SEM image, and Raman spectrum of the film confirm the single phase formation of Wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along [] plane, minor variation in lattice parameters, and vanadium ions substitution at zinc sites. Zn0.96V0.04O pellet has been used for sensing ammonia vapor concentrations in 20–50°C temperature range which exhibits maximum responsiveness and sensitivity at 30°C. The minor variations in resistance are observed with ammonia vapor concentration. The adsorption of ammonia vapors through weak hydrogen bonding and its insertion into lattice by nitrogen lone pairs donation at vacant/defect sites in lattice caused by vanadium doping are considered to explain gas sensing mechanism.

Synthesis and structural characterization of transition metal doped MgO: Mg0.95Mn0.01TM0.04O (TM = Co, Ni, Cu)

In the present work, preparation and characterization of transition metal doped MgO: Zn0.94Mn0.01TM0.05O (TM = Co, Ni and Cu) nano-particles have been reported. Transition metal doped samples of MgO were synthesized by Sol gel auto combustion method. Structural characterisation from XRD and SEM show the formation of single-phase primary particles, nearly of spherical shaped nano-crystallites. The crystallite size was found to be 78.2, 67.02, 78.11 and 64 nm for pure, Co, Cu and Ni doped MgMnO nano-particles, respectively. Hence, the average crystallite size increases monotonously from Co to Cu doping.In the present work, preparation and characterization of transition metal doped MgO: Zn0.94Mn0.01TM0.05O (TM = Co, Ni and Cu) nano-particles have been reported. Transition metal doped samples of MgO were synthesized by Sol gel auto combustion method. Structural characterisation from XRD and SEM show the formation of single-phase primary particles, nearly of spherical shaped nano-crystallites. The crystallite size was found to be 78.2, 67.02, 78.11 and 64 nm for pure, Co, Cu and Ni doped MgMnO nano-particles, respectively. Hence, the average crystallite size increases monotonously from Co to Cu doping.

Upper critical field and AC-Susceptibility studies on FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconductor

In this study we present synthesis and characterization of FeTe0.5Se0.5 sample that has been prepared by solid state reaction route by encapsulation of stoichiometric high purity (5N) ingredients in an evacuated quartz tube at 750 °C. The resultant compound is crystallized in single phase tetragonal structure with space group P4/nmm, having lattice parameters a = 3.792(1) A and c = 6.0081(3) A. The studied compound is superconducting at below 13K in both magnetic and transport measurements. Further superconductivity is barely affected by external applied magnetic field, giving rise to upper critical field of above 180 Tesla at 0 K. The sample is studied extensively for AC susceptibility measurements in superconducting state. The AC drive field and frequency are varied from 1-13 Oe and 33-9999 Hz respectively. It is concluded that though the grain boundaries of this superconductor are mainly metallic the minor (undetectable in XRD) foreign phases and the role of porosity cannot be ruled out completely. Thi...

Synthesis and characterization of FeSe1−xTex (x=0, 0.5, 1) superconductors

In this study, FeTe1-xSex (x=0,0.5,1) samples were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method and investigated by powder XRD, SEM, Raman and resistivity measurement techniques to reveal the effect of tellurium (Te) substitution in FeSe matrix. Rietveld analysis was performed on room temperature recorded, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of pure FeSe, FeTe and FeSe0.5Te0.5 which shows that all the compounds are crystallized in a tetragonal structure. SEM images show the dense surface morphology. Raman spectra recorded in the range from 100 to 700 cm−1 at ambient temperature has been interpreted by P4/nmm space group of the lattice. The variation in intensity and shift in peak positions of some phonon modes has been discussed on the basis of variation in crystalline field effect by substituting Te in FeSe lattice. The resistivity versus temperature curves reveals that FeSe becomes superconductor at 7 K and FeSe0.5Te0.5 shows superconductivity below 14 K while FeTe is non-superconducting compound.

Spectral Peak Shift in One-Dimensional Nonlinear Photonic Crystal

We present a numerical study of the pulse propagation inside a one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal (PC) in which the nonlinear layer is a Kerr medium. The Transfer matrix method is used to study the nonlinear propagation in the structure. We observe shift in the peak spectral wavelength induced by self-phase modulation as a result of high Kerr nonlinearity.

Theory of the fundamental linewidth of a two-mode laser

Starting from the field master equation for a laser oscillating simultaneously in two modes, we probe the dependence of its fundamental phase-diffusion linewidth on the degree of coupling between the two modes. We find that the heterodyned intrinsic linewidth shows the usual decrease when the output power of each mode increases with an increase in the gain, while the nonlinear self-saturation and cross-coupling coefficients are held constant. The linewidth also decreases with increase in the cross-coupling between the modes for constant gain when the output power of each mode is kept constant by decreasing the self-saturation coefficient. The linewidth, however, increases with increasing cross-coupling when (a) the gain and the self-saturation coefficient are held constant and hence the output power in each mode decreases and (b) the gain is increased keeping the output power and the self-saturation of each mode constant.