Aurino Miranda Neto

Transposição do banco de sementes do solo como metodologia de restauração florestal de pastagem abandonada em Viçosa, MG

This study had as its objective to compare the transposition of the soil seed bank of two successional stages of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest for a Melinis Minutiflora P. Beauv site, in an abandoned pasture of the Mata do Paraiso Forest Reserve, Vicosa, MG. Ten parcels had been placed in each successional site of forest and withdrawals of the center of each parcel sample of 1 m² and 5 cm of superficial depth of soil, being carried afterwards to the abandoned pasture site. Two hundred and thirty one individuals had been registered in the two treatments (initial forest and mature forest), consisting of 31 shrubs and 200 trees. The individuals are distributed by 13 families, 17 kinds and 22 species. The most abundant species had been Vernonia polyanthes, with 108 individuals and Senna multijuga, with 39 individuals. The soil seed bank coming from the site of initial secondary forest (Fi) registered more individuals (120) than the bank coming from the site of the mature forest (Fm), with 111 individuals. The parcels witnesses had been colonized by herbaceous and mainly by the exotic grass Melinis Minutiflora. The number of germinated seeds was only greater in the Fm treatment in the months of july/2008 and january/2009. Significant differences were observed with 1% probability, between the treatments, for the variable wealth of species and density of individuals. The present study showed that it is recommendable and viable to adopt the technique of transposition of the seed bank as a methodology of forest restoration of abandoned pasture.

BANCO DE SEMENTES DO SOLO E SERAPILHEIRA ACUMULADA EM FLORESTA RESTAURADA

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o banco de sementes do solo e a serapilheira acumulada em uma floresta restaurada por meio de plantio, com 40 anos, em Vicosa, MG. Foram alocadas 16 parcelas contiguas de 25 x 25 m, cobrindo toda a area da floresta (1 ha). Em cada parcela, foram coletadas cinco amostras de solo superficial (0,30 x 0,30 x 0,05 m) para avaliacao do banco de sementes pelo metodo de germinacao e uma amostra de 1,0 m2 de serapilheira para avaliacao da serapilheira acumulada. Foi realizada a classificacao dos individuos e especies de plântulas registrados do banco de sementes quanto a categoria sucessional, sindrome de dispersao e habito de vida. Foram registradas 5.555 plântulas pertencentes a 32 familias e 93 especies e um morfotipo que reuniu todas as trepadeiras. Registrou-se o predominio de sindrome de dispersao zoocorica e, quanto ao habito de vida, maior percentual de ervas, em nivel de especie (48,6%) e de individuo (44,8%). Entre as especies arbustiva-arboreas, observou-se maior percentual da categoria sucessional pioneira, em nivel de especie (75,1%) e de individuo (85,1%). A serapilheira media acumulada foi de 3.432 kg ha-1, com a fracao foliar representando 65% e correlacao significativa com a area basal (p = 0,031; R2 = 0,29) do estrato arboreo. Os resultados indicam que o banco de sementes do solo da floresta restaurada, apos 40 anos de sua implantacao se assemelha, quanto as relacoes ecologicas, as areas de floresta estacional semidecidual na mesma regiao e a outras areas restauradas que tambem foram utilizados plantio de mudas.

Mixed rain forest in southeastern Brazil: tree species regeneration and floristic relationships in a remaining stretch of forest near the city of Itaberá, Brazil

The aim of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition, richness, and diversity of the upper and lower strata of a stretch of mixed rain forest near the city of Itabera, in southeastern Brazil. We also investigated the differences between this conservation area and other stretches of mixed rain forest in southern and southeastern Brazil, as well as other nearby forest formations, in terms of their floristic relationships. For our survey of the upper stratum (diameter at breast height [DBH] > 15 cm), we established 50 permanent plots of 10 × 20 m. Within each of those plots, we designated five, randomly located, 1 × 1 m subplots, in order to survey the lower stratum (total height > 30 cm and DBH < 15 cm). In the upper stratum, we sampled 1429 trees and shrubs, belonging to 134 species, 93 genera, and 47 families. In the lower stratum, we sampled 758 trees and shrubs, belonging to 93 species, 66 genera, and 39 families. In our floristic and phytosociological surveys, we recorded 177 species, belonging to 106 genera and 52 families. The Shannon Diversity Index was 4.12 and 3.5 for the upper and lower strata, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that nearby forest formations had the strongest floristic influence on the study area, which was therefore distinct from other mixed rain forests in southern Brazil and in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range.

ESTOQUE DE SERAPILHEIRA EM FLORESTA EM RESTAURAÇÃO E EM FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA DE TABULEIRO NO SUDESTE BRASILEIRO1

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar e comparar a serapilheira acumulada em uma floresta em restauracao (FR) ha 23 anos com uma Floresta Ombrofila Densa primaria (FP) adjacente. Foram alocadas 30 parcelas permanentes de 3 x 3 m em cada area. No centro de cada parcela foi coletada a serapilheira (0,50 x 0,50 x 0,05 m). O material foi seco em estufa a 70 °C, durante 48 h, e mensurada a massa de materia seca. Foi calculada a matriz de correlacao de Pearson entre os valores de serapilheira acumulada e as variaveis ambientais indice de area de planta (IAP), compactacao do solo e densidade de individuos arbustivo-arboreos do estrato de regeneracao natural. Os valores medios encontrados (FR = 3.177 ± 937 kg.ha-1; FP = 4.411 ± 1.389 kg.ha-1) de serapilheira acumulada apresentaram diferenca significativa entre as duas areas estudadas (p < 0,001). A serapilheira acumulada apresentou correlacao significativa (p < 0,001) com a compactacao do solo e indice de area de planta.

SEMEADURA DIRETA COM TRANSPOSIÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA COMO METODOLOGIA DE RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA1

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da transposicao de serapilheira na semeadura direta como metodologia de restauracao ecologica de areas degradadas. O estudo foi realizado no Viveiro de Pesquisas da Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), em canteiros a ceu aberto, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Compararam-se tres tratamentos distintos, com cinco repeticoes cada, deixando-se tambem cinco parcelas como controle. Nas parcelas controle, apenas removeu-se o solo superficial do canteiro. Os demais tratamentos consistiram da semeadura direta de quatro especies nativas, sendo duas pioneiras (Senna macranthera e Colubrina glandulosa) e duas nao pioneiras (Tabebuia serratifolia e Cedrela fissilis). O tratamento 1 constituiu de apenas semeadura direta, o tratamento 2 de semeadura direta com posterior transposicao de serapilheira e o tratamento 3 foi constituido de transposicao de serapilheira com posterior semeadura direta. A serapilheira foi transposta de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual secundaria localizado no Campus da UFV. Apos dois anos, o tratamento 2 apresentou maior porcentagem de emergencia de plântulas. No tratamento 1 foram encontrados 36 individuos arboreos, oriundos apenas da semeadura. No tratamento 2 haviam 312 individuos arboreos e no tratamento 3, 140, ambos com individuos oriundos da semeadura e serapilheira transposta. A transposicao da serapilheira influenciou a emergencia e estabelecimento das plântulas. S. macranthera e C. glandulosa foram as especies com maior porcentagem de emergencia e, portanto, apresentaram potencial para uso em projetos de restauracao ecologica atraves de semeadura direta.

Restauração Florestal de uma Mina de Bauxita: Avaliação do Desenvolvimento das Espécies Arbóreas Plantadas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seedlings of tree species planted for forest restoration in a bauxite mining. We allocated twenty plots of 9 × 6 m and diameter at ground level, height and canopy diameter of planted seedlings. Also were calculated the mortality percentage and the importance value (VI) species. We recorded 540 alive individuals (22.86% mortality) and 45 species. The species with the highest VIs were Solanum lycocarpum (14.7%) and Schinus terebinthifolius (10.8%). S. terebinthifolius, S. lycocarpum and Joannesia princeps, contributed 30.4% canopy cover. Average height of seedlings planted ranged from 0.4 m to 3.9 m. The species used in the restoration of the mined area provided ecological benefits to the area, such as soil coverage, thus ameliorating erosion and invasion of aggressive exotic grasses.

AVIFAUNA COMO BIOINDICADORA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA FLORESTA RESTAURADA COM 40 ANOS EM VIÇOSA - MG

The point-counts method was used to evaluate the bird community in a small patch of forest (1 ha) restored through reforestation, with more than 40 years of deployment, in Vicosa, MG state. In total, 20 points were sampled in the reproductive period of the birds, during 2011. A total of 31 bird species and 160 contacts were recorded, and all species were identified as typical from a semi-deciduous forest and included five endemic species of the Atlantic forest biome. In the present study, the presence of frugivorous and insectivorous birds in the understory with little tolerance for open environments and strong insolation, suggests the good quality of the sampled habitat, confirming that the restored forest is in an advanced stage of succession. The results of this study also demonstrate that even in a small area, and with a few days of sampling, it is possible to obtain a rapid characterization of the bird community, being possible to associate it to the habitat conditions and allowing a safe evaluation of the success of a forest restoration project.

Banco de Sementes em Mina de Bauxita Restaurada no Sudeste do Brasil

This study aimed to characterize the soil seed bank in a restored bauxite mine ten years after the restoration project. The study was conducted in a bauxite-exploited mine, which was restored with trees. We collected 40 samples of surface soil (0.25 × 0.30 × 0.05 m) to evaluate soil seed bank by germination method in shade house for six months. Results showed that 2,489 seedlings emerged, belonging to 69 species and 23 botanical families, with a density of 830 seedlings m–2. Poaceae and Cannabaceae were the families with higher density. A larger number of species and individuals were pioneer and zoochoric species. The soil seed bank of the restored area showed no difference in plant density and floristic composition between the border and the core study area. There was no floristic similarity between planted species and the seed bank. Results showed that the seed bank was able to supply species and individuals upon germination.

ESTRATO DE REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL DE UM TRECHO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL, VIÇOSA, MG

The present study was carried out at Praca de Esportes Forest, located on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais State. The fragment consists of a 10.65 ha forest in regeneration for 75 years. Four parallel transects mesuring 3 x 50 m, spaced 3 m, and divided into 10 plots of 3 x 5 m each were set for analysis. Sampling of natural regeneration layer included all individuals with height ≥0.3 m and DBH < 5 cm. We calculated the phytosociological parameters and classified the fragments into successional class and dispersion syndrome. The floristic composition was compared with several studies of regeneration in Vicosa, through cluster analysis. After analysis, we observed the occurrence of 30 families and 84 species, which the most important were Coffea arabica, Siparuna guianensis, Psychotria sessilisandErythroxylum pelleterianum. The late secondary successional class was the most representative (49.3% of individuals), and 91.6% of individuals presented dispersion syndrome zoochorous. No floristic similarity was observed between the studied area and other forest fragments of the region. The predominance of dispersion syndrome zoochorous in natural regeneration is an important factor to the continued maintenance of frugivorous in the area. The floristic richness and abundance of late secondary species are strong indications that the environment studied is offering ecological conditions suitable for the development of these species, thus allowing the advancement of secondary succession.

Regeneración natural en mina de bauxita restaurada en el sureste de Brasil

The objective of the present study was to verify if, in floristic terms of natural regeneration, a restored bauxite mine in southeast Brazil can be considered successfully restored. Forty plots of 3.0 x 3.0 m were allocated in the area. All shrubs and trees with height ≥ 0.30 m and diameter at 1.30 m height (DBH) ≤ 5.0 cm were identified and classified into successional categories and dispersal syndromes; DSL (diameter at soil level) and height were measured. We use the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to verify the correlations between environmental variables (canopy openness, litter decomposition, soil penetration resistance) and vegetation. We found 705 individuals, 80 species and 30 families. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae and Melastomataceae. The specie with the highest importance value (IV) was Myrcia splendens. Most species are the early secondary successional category and the zoochoric dispersion syndrome. CCA ordination indicates the formation of a group of species associated with less soil compaction and with low litter decomposition rate and the formation of another group associated with intermediate values of soil penetration resistance and litter decomposition rate. The results obtained after ten years of implementation of the restoration project, in floristic terms, are suitable. In other words, the area can be considered as successfully restored.Votorantim Metais, Setor de Meio Ambiente, CEP: 36790000, Mirai, MG, Brasil.SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to verify if, in floristic terms of natural regeneration, a restored bauxite mine in southeast Brazil can be considered successfully restored. Forty plots of 3.0 x 3.0 m were allocated in the area. All shrubs and trees with height ≥ 0.30 m and diameter at 1.30 m height (DBH) ≤ 5.0 cm were identified and classified into successional categories and dispersal syndromes; DSL (diameter at soil level) and height were measured. We use the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to verify the correlations between environmental variables (canopy openness, litter decomposition, soil penetration resistance) and vegetation. We found 705 individuals, 80 species and 30 families. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae and Melastomataceae. The specie with the highest importance value (IV) was