Avinash Gupta

BEHAVIOR OF DOUBLE JUNCTION SQUID OF Y-Ba-Cu-O BULK SUPERCONDUCTOR

A dc SQUID like geometry with a ring and a pair of constrictions is carved out of bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. The I—V curves exhibit hysteresis arising due to trapping of the self fields. The V—Φ curves show multiple flux periodicities with unequal amplitudes. There is twenty fold rise in the amplitude of voltage modulation in cooling from 77 to 4.2 K. The complications of presence of series and parallel arrays of granular junctions are attributed respectively to large and small periodicities observed in V—Φ curves. The modulation structure gets more resolved at 4.2 K due to reduction in thermal noise effects.

An advanced simulator for orthopedic surgical training.

PurposeThe purpose of creating the virtual reality (VR) simulator is to facilitate and supplement the training opportunities provided to orthopedic residents. The use of VR simulators has increased rapidly in the field of medical surgery for training purposes. This paper discusses the creation of the virtual surgical environment (VSE) for training residents in an orthopedic surgical process called less invasive stabilization system (LISS) surgery which is used to address fractures of the femur.MethodThe overall methodology included first obtaining an understanding of the LISS plating process through interactions with expert orthopedic surgeons and developing the information centric models. The information centric models provided a structured basis to design and build the simulator. Subsequently, the haptic-based simulator was built. Finally, the learning assessments were conducted in a medical school.ResultsThe results from the learning assessments confirm the effectiveness of the VSE for teaching medical residents and students. The scope of the assessment was to ensure (1) the correctness and (2) the usefulness of the VSE. Out of 37 residents/students who participated in the test, 32 showed improvements in their understanding of the LISS plating surgical process. A majority of participants were satisfied with the use of teaching Avatars and haptic technology. A paired t test was conducted to test the statistical significance of the assessment data which showed that the data were statistically significant.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates the usefulness of adopting information centric modeling approach in the design and development of the simulator. The assessment results underscore the potential of using VR-based simulators in medical education especially in orthopedic surgery.

A Cyber Training Framework for Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract Purpose: This paper focuses on the development of a cyber training framework for an orthopedic surgical process termed Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) plating surgery. Research methodology: The overall methodology involves the design and use of the Virtual Reality based simulators to train surgical medical students and residents. Expert surgeons played an important role in the design and development of this network based training simulator. Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that the Virtual Reality based simulations can be used to educate and train surgical residents in target surgical processes. Results: An assessment of the impact on the residents’ learning confirmed the hypothesis using such simulators did improve the residents’ understanding of the LISS plating surgical process. Conclusion: This paper demonstrated the impact of using such network based simulation frameworks for medical education and training.

A distributed collaborative simulation environment for orthopedic surgical training

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) simulators has increased rapidly in the field of medical surgery for training purposes. In this paper, the design and development of a Virtual Surgical Environment (VSE) for training residents in an orthopaedic surgical process called Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) surgery is discussed; LISS plating surgery is a process used to address fractures of the femur bone. The development of such virtual environments for educational and training purposes will accelerate and supplement existing training approaches enabling medical residents to be better prepared to serve the surgical needs of the general public. One of the important aspects of the VSE is that it is a network based simulator. Our approach explores the potential of emerging Next Generation Internet frameworks and technologies to support such distributed interaction contexts. A discussion of the validation activities is also presented, which highlights the effectiveness of the VSE for teaching medical residents and students.

Development of a Virtual Reality Based Simulation Environment for Orthopedic Surgical Training

Virtual Reality (VR) based simulation environments are becoming more widely used in the field of medical surgery. Typically, medical residents practice on cadavers or animals or observing a master surgeon perform surgery. The creation of VR based simulation environments holds the potential in improving the quality of training while decreasing the time needed for training. In this paper, the design and development of a Virtual Surgical Environment (VSE) is described which is used to train medical residents in an orthopedic surgery process known as LISS plating. A discussion of the overall system architecture along with an overview on the adoption of Next Generation Internet frameworks is provided. The results of the initial validation activities is discussed along with a brief outline of the process of designing and building the VSE.

Parallel computation of multiphase flow in saturated porous media

In order to handle large domain problems of multiphase flow simulation and also to reduce the computational time, a parallel computational model is developed for the fully implicit two dimensional two phase flows using both simultaneous and modified sequential approach. In the simultaneous approach, both the governing equations are solved simultaneously whereas in the sequential approach the governing equations are solved sequentially. The parallel computations are carried out in such a way that the domain is discretized into number of subdomains and the computation of each sub domain is carried out in one processor. The parallel computational models are compared using the results of conventional computation. In this study the domain decomposition is carried out using both row wise and column wise overlapping domains. It is observed that the parallel computational model is able to reduce the computational time and increase the computational speedup especially in the case of larger domain problems. The parallel computation is carried out on IBM SP-2 scalable parallel machine with 32 processor using Message Passing Interface (MPI) programming and the number of processor required for the simulation depends on the size of the domain. It is also observed that modified sequential approach of parallel model requires more elapsed time than the simultaneous approach of parallel model. The decompositions such as column wise and row wise decompositions are equally good with reference to the elapsed time of simulation.

A Network-Based Virtual Reality Simulation Training Approach for Orthopedic Surgery

The focus of this article is on the adoption of immersive and haptic simulators for training of medical residents in a surgical process called Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) plating surgery. LISS surgery is an orthopedic surgical procedure to treat fractures of the femur bone. Development of such simulators is a complex task which involves multiple systems, technologies, and human experts. Emerging Next Generation Internet technologies were used to develop the standalone on-line haptic-based simulator accessible to the students 24/7. A standalone immersive surgical simulator was also developed using HTC Vive. Expert surgeons played an important role in developing the simulator system; use cases of the target surgical processes were built using a modeling language called the engineering Enterprise Modeling Language (eEML). A detailed study presenting the comparison between the haptic-based simulator and the immersive simulator has been also presented. The outcomes of this study underscore the potential of using such simulators in surgical training.

A virtual reality based internet-of-things (IoT) framework for micro devices assembly

The emergencelof Virtual Reality (VR) based technologies holds the potential to facilitate global collaboration in various fields of engineering. Micro Devices Assembly (MDA) is an emerging domain involving the assembly of micron sized objects and devices. In this paper, the focus of the discussion is the design of a VR based Internet-of-Things (IoT) based framework to support collaborative assembly of micro devices using both cyber and physical resources. At the center of this IoT framework is a Virtual Reality (VR) based simulation environment which serves as the link between cyber resources (which can support design analysis and planning) and physical manufacturing resources (which can accomplish the targeted assembly of micron sized products and parts). The feasibility analysis of proposed assembly plans is supported by stand-alone as well as networked based environments which enable proposing, comparing and modifying assembly sequences and plans. Several algorithms are available to generate near optimal assembly plans; these include Genetic Algorithm and Insertion Algorithm based approaches, which focus on determining near optimal assembly sequences based on target part destinations and part feeder positions. The benefits of such an integrated VR based cyber physical approach is to enable collaborative manufacturing frameworks to be more agile and respond to changing customer designs and requirements. Multiple partner organizations can potentially work together as Virtual Enterprises (VEs) sharing both their cyber and physical resources to accomplish the manufacturing of target designs [Cecil et al. 2017a].