Avishek Bhattacharjee

On the status of two Indian species of Zeuxine (Orchidaceae)

SummaryZeuxine assamica and Z. dhanikariana are synonymised with Z. nervosa. The morphological variation and affinity of Z. nervosa are also discussed with a detailed description and photographs.

Notes on two species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae)

SummaryGoodyera dongchenii Lucksom var. gongligongensis X. H. Jin & S. C. Chen is a new synonym of Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantl. This constitutes the first record of G. hemsleyana for China. Goodyera dongchenii Lucksom is considered to be conspecific with G. robusta Hook. f. and is reduced to a variety of G. schlechtendaliana Rchb. f. Both species are described and illustrated and a key to the varieties of G. schlechtendaliana is provided.

202) Proposal to add a new Example after Article 9.19

(202) Add a new Example after Art. 9.19, after the new Note (if accepted) of Prop. 046: “Ex. n. Although Herb. Linn. 749.2 (LINN) is not original material for Ocimum gratissimum L. (1753), the absence of any original material means that Cramer’s citation of it as “type” (in Dassanayake & Fosberg, Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 112. 1981) is to be accepted as designation (Art. 7.10) of a neotype, pre-dating the explicit neotypification by Paton (in Kew Bull. 47: 411. 1992).” The above is an example of inadvertent neotypification because it was not the author’s intent to designate a neotype. It also illustrates Art. 9.19 in that the author who first designates a neotype must be followed.

Phylogenetic Analysis of a ‘Jewel Orchid’ Genus Goodyera (Orchidaceae) Based on DNA Sequence Data from Nuclear and Plastid Regions

A molecular phylogeny of Asiatic species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae, Goodyerinae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and two chloroplast loci (matK and trnL-F) was presented. Thirty-five species represented by 132 samples of Goodyera were analyzed, along with other 27 genera/48 species, using Pterostylis longifolia and Chloraea gaudichaudii as outgroups. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods were used to reveal the intrageneric relationships of Goodyera and its intergeneric relationships to related genera. The results indicate that: 1) Goodyera is not monophyletic; 2) Goodyera could be divided into four sections, viz., Goodyera, Otosepalum, Reticulum and a new section; 3) sect. Reticulum can be further divided into two subsections, viz., Reticulum and Foliosum, whereas sect. Goodyera can in turn be divided into subsections Goodyera and a new subsection.

086) Proposal to amend Article 9.19

Leong-Škorničková & al. (in Taxon 64: 369. 2015) cited Jaffray s.n. (K) as the lectotype of Kaempferia involucrata King ex Baker selected by Smith (in Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 24. 1991) and they designated an unpublished illustration “Kaempferia involucrata King // Ic. Herb. Calcutta Copied by G. E. H. 1890” [handwritten] at K as the epitype and stated that it at least partly served J.G. Baker for his description, which means it is a part of original material. In our opinion the name should have been re-lectotypified with the given illustration instead of designating it as the epitype. However, there is no provision in Art. 9.19 in doing so. So we are proposing the amendments as follows.

(012–013) Proposals to add two new paragraphs to Rec. 40A and Rec. 9D

Recommendation 40A.3 states “Specification of the herbarium or collection or institution of deposition (see Art. 40 Note 4) should be followed by any available number permanently identifying the holotype specimen (see also Rec. 9D.1).” This is indeed a very useful Recommendation included in the Code for identifying a holotype specimen unambiguously. However, the barcoding of herbarium sheets has not yet started in many herbaria worldwide, while in some others barcoding is ongoing. We are therefore proposing here another Recommendation to help unambiguously identify the holotype specimen.

014) Proposal to amend Rec. 31B.1

Concerning compliance with Art. 40.7, i.e., specifying the herbarium or collection or institution in which a type is conserved, Art. 40 Note 4 states “Specification of the herbarium or collection or institution may be made in an abbreviated form, e.g. as given in Index herbariorum, part I, or in the World directory of collections of cultures of microorganisms.” In addition, Rec. 40A.4 states “Citation of the herbarium or collection or institution of deposition should use one of the standards mentioned in Art. 40 Note 4.” However, it sometimes happens that authors specify the herbarium in an abbreviated form even when no such form is given in Index herbariorum, part I. We feel that in such cases the authors should give the full name of the herbarium or collection or institution, with the location, in order to be precise and to avoid confusion. () Add a new paragraph to Rec. A: “40A.5. Citation of the herbarium or collection or institution of deposition should be in full, with the location, when no abbreviated form is given by one of the standards mentioned in Art. 40 Note 4.”

011) Proposal to add a new Recommendation to Rec. 30A

At the XVIII International Botanical Congress, Melbourne (2011), electronic effective publication of all nomenclatural acts was permitted from 1 January 2012 subject to certain requirements, as mentioned in Art. 29.1. Since then, many electronic publications have appeared, but some of the published articles have restricted access to readers. We feel that nomenclatural novelties, if published in articles with restricted access, are unlikely to reach readers easily. We are therefore proposing a new Recommendation, as follows: () Insert a new Rec. A.: “30A.5. Authors publishing nomenclatural novelties should give preference to electronic publications with open or free access to readers.” This new Recommendation, if followed, would be helpful to make nomenclatural novelties easily available to readers.

Neotypification of Zeuxine agyokuana (Goodyerinae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) with a New Synonym

Based on examination of protologues and herbarium material, combined with field observations, we suggest that Zeuxine bidupensis Averyanov should be considered a heterotypic synonym of Z. agyokuana Fukuyama. Thus, the known distribution of Z. agyokuana includes China, India, Japan, Thailand and Vietnam. A neotype is designated for Z. agyokuana, since all original material underlying Fukuyamas description seems to be lost. An improved morphological description, based on all available herbarium material from the entire geographic range of the species, is provided together with illustrations.