Ayda Baffoun

Effects of cross linkers combination, for three dimensional effects, on denim garment properties

Three dimensional effects are today demanded in denim garments to create a “distressed” and “aged look”. These effects may be obtained with a recipe containing a modified glyoxalic crosslinker and an acrylic crosslinker with a crosslinking agent. In this paper, we investigate changes in a cotton fabric’s characteristics in terms of tear strength, of dry and wet colorfastness to crocking, and of color changes after different combinations of the three products. The main objective is to keep losses in fabric properties within tolerable limits with compliant 3D effects. It was found that the glyoxalic cross linker is the product responsible for the degradation of denim strength after creating 3D effects against an acrylic cross linker which covers up the defects of the glyoxalic crosslinker. Cross linking agent seems to be without interest in the selected process.

Effect of finishing resins on mechanical and surface properties of cotton Denim fabrics

Abstract The effect of two famous finishing resins; acrylic resin (Resacryl M), and Glyoxal resin (Resinol AM), applied by the same Pad Dry Cure Process PDC but according to various conditions, on the mechanical and surface properties of different cotton denim fabrics is studied in this paper. The treated samples which are characterized at two steps of the treatment process: before and after washing (BW and AW) were characterized in terms of surface morphology observations by SEM, geometrical roughness measurements with Kawabata Evaluation System KES, thickness and Dry crease recovery angle DCRA measurements, and mechanical testing properties. It resulted that Resinol AM improves dry crease recovery angle, but causes a loss of strength in the warp direction. Nevertheless, Resacryl M improves handless and preserves the mechanical properties fabric before and after washing. Studying the effect of resins type, concentrations and curing temperature on the mechanical behavior and surface of the cotton fabrics is very important in textile laundering, because it allows choosing the best finishing agents and conditions. Furthermore, the results of this report will be in workable data to predict the properties of the treated fabrics after resin finishing.

Drop Impact on Textile Material: Effect of Fabric Properties

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of impact of water drop on a surface in a spreading regime with no splashing. Three surfaces were studied: virgin glass, coating film and woven cotton fabric at different construction parameters. All experiments were carried out using water drop with the same free fall high. Digidrop with high-resolution camera is used to measure the different parameters characterising this phenomenon. Results show an important effect of the height of the free fall on the drop profile and the spreading behaviour. An important drop deformation at the surface impact was observed. Then, fabric construction as the weft count deeply affects the drop impact. For plain weave, an increase of weft count causes a decrease in penetration and increase in the spreading rate. The same result was obtained for coated fabric. Therefore, the impact energy was modified and the drop shape was affected, which directly influenced the spreading rate.

Drying Morphologies and Emport Rate Effect on Wetting and Spreading Behaviours

The main idea of this work is to study the different phenomena of spreading, evaporation, and diffusion that bound to the ink-jet printing. The coating film is studied as well as its drying morphologies and its wetting behavior. Then the drop water spreading on coated fabric is investigated. At that time spreading kinetic is characterized by the digidrop 3S which permits to measure precisely the various parameters such as contact angle, diameter, height, volume and drop profile in contact with the support during wetting phenomenon. This survey shows, on the one hand, that the coating film structure is deeply affected by drying morphologies. On the other hand, drying conditions influence different parameters of kinetic drop spreading on virgin glass and cotton material. Then the increasing of coating film thickness encourages the drop spreading.

Production, purification, and biochemical characterization of serine alkaline protease from Penicillium chrysogenium strain X5 used as excellent bio-additive for textile processing

A new ascomycete fungus X5, a hyperproducer (9000 U/mL) of a serine alkaline protease (SAPTEX) was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum. The experimental purification protocol comprises three steps: heat treatment (10 min at 80 °C) followed by an ammonium sulfate precipitation (30-50%)-dialysis, and a UNO Q-12 anion exchange chromatography using the FPLC system. The chemical characterizations performed include physico-chemical determination and spectroscopic analysis. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed that the purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 43,074.11 Da. The 25 residue NH2-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed high homology with Penicillium proteases. The optimum pH and temperature values for protease activity were pH 10 and 80 °C, respectively. Compared to other proteases (SPTC; Flavourzyme® 500 L; Proteinase, type XXIII; Proteinase K; and Alcalase® 2.4 L), SAPTEX has the highest catalytic efficacy, hydrolysis degree, and a powerful stability toward some commercial detergents. According to morphological, physico-chemical [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), and FTIR-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy], and mechanical evaluation, SAPTEX has no destructive impact on fibers after the enzyme treatment and a very slight effect on textile support. Obtained results suggested that SAPTEX may be considered as a potential candidate as a protein stain removal product for textile supports.

Experimental study and mathematical model to follow the spreading diameter on coated woven cotton fabric

This paper presents an experimental study of the liquid drop spreading in porous media. The spreading phenomenon is being investigated for various applications including the textile ink jet printing. In this study, drop-spreading experiments were carried out with ink solution on virgin glass plate, film of coating paste and on coated woven fabric with different emport rate and two drying temperature. The drop-spreading behavior was examined by measuring the contact diameter, the height and the volume of the drop along the time. Then, mathematical model was has been put in to evaluate and quantify the spreading phenomenon. It was concluded that the drop shape has two phases where the spreading governs the drop profile in first time and the evaporation controls it at long times. Thus, the drop-spreading was deeply affected by the drying temperature of coating paste and the woven fabric structure where the mentioned phases have been influenced. Moreover, to evaluate the spreading phenomenon, a mathematical model was put in. It presents high conformity with the experimental results, so it could constitute a prototype of the industry of ink jet printing.

Decolorization Kinetics of Acid Azo Dye and Basic Thiazine Dye in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2 and UV/Fenton: Effects of Operational Parameters

Abstract The photochemical decolorization of two dyes, namely Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9, was studied using the UV/H2O2 and UV/Fenton processes. The effects of the amount of H2O2 and FeSO4 as well as the initial pH solution on decolorization kinetics of both the dyes were investigated. The pseudo-first order kinetic model was applied to predict the decolorization of the selected dyes at the different operational conditions and results showed that this model fitted very well with the experimental data. The obtained results also showed the efficiency of UV/Fenton process to quickly degrade aqueous effluents polluted by Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9 compared to the UV/H2O2 process.

Optimal drying and curing process for minimum loss in tear strength of distressed look garments

The effect of drying and curing conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of denim fabrics treated with a combination of glyoxalic and acrylic crosslinkers was studied. It is found that, a higher curing temperature and a longer curing time either in drying or curing improved the 3D effects rank but degraded the tear strength of Cotton and Cotton/Elastane fabrics. Optimized processes relative to each type of fabric are proposed allowing desirable 3D effects with lower losses in strength.