Ayhan Altintas

A selective modal scheme for the analysis of EM coupling into or radiation from large open-ended waveguides

A selective modal scheme is proposed to efficiently analyze the problem of high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic (EM) coupling/penetration into or radiation from open-ended waveguides. This scheme is based on the phenomenon that at sufficiently high frequencies, the modes which contribute most significantly to the fields coupled into the waveguide are those whose modal ray directions are most nearly parallel to the incident-wave direction. This concept is illustrated by calculating the EM radiation and backscattering from open-ended parallel-plate, rectangular, circular, and sectoral waveguide geometries. The calculations use the usual geometrical optics, aperture field, and Ufimtsev edge current techniques. Also included are some measured results which further verify the accuracy of the above computations. >

Accurate simulation of reflector antennas by the complex source-dual series approach

The radiation from circular cylindrical reflector antennas is treated in an accurate manner for both polarizations. The problem is first formulated in terms of the dual series equations and then is regularized by the Riemann-Hilbert problem technique. The resulting matrix equation is solved numerically with a guaranteed accuracy, and remarkably little CPU time is needed. The feed directivity is included in the analysis by the complex source point method. Various characteristic patterns are obtained for the front and offset-fed reflector antenna geometries with this analysis, and some comparisons are made with the high frequency techniques. The directivity and radiated power properties are also studied. >

Radar cross-section study of cylindrical cavity-backed apertures with outer or inner material coating: the case of E-polarization

A dual-series-based solution is obtained for the scattering of an E-polarized plane wave from a cavity-backed aperture which is formed by a slitted infinite circular cylinder coated with absorbing material. The material coating can be done on the inner or outer surface of the cylinder. For both cases, numerical results are presented for the radar cross section and comparisons are given for two different realistic absorbing materials. The radar cross-section results are also given for the aspect angle of the screen. Finally, the dependence of radar cross section on the thickness of the absorbing layer is presented. >

Numerical optimization of a cylindrical reflector-in-radome antenna system

Accurate numerical optimization based on rigorous solution of the integral equation using the method of analytical regularization is performed for a cylindrical reflector antenna in a dielectric radome. It is shown that the multiple scattering in this system is more significant for the optimum radome design than any nonplane-wave effects or the curvature of the radome. We claim that, although the common half-wavelength design is a good approximation to avoid negative effects of the radome (such as the loss of the antenna directivity), one can, by carefully playing with the radome thickness, its radius, reflector location, and the position of the feed, improve the reflector-in-radome antenna performance (e.g., increase the directivity) with respect to the same reflector in free-space.

Examination of existent propagation models over large inhomogeneous terrain profiles using fast integral equation solution

The accuracy of most widely used empirical models are investigated using the spectrally accelerated forward-backward (FBSA) method as a benchmark solution. First, FBSA results are obtained for propagation over large scale terrain profiles and compared with measurements to assess the accuracy of FBSA. Then, accuracy of some International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) propagation models are investigated. It has been observed that, for rural areas, the prediction of the most recent ITU recommended propagation model (Rec. 1546) deviates much more than older models do.

Characteristic Basis Function Method for Solving Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Over Rough Terrain Profiles

A computationally efficient algorithm, which combines the characteristic basis function method (CBFM), the physical optics (PO) approach (when applicable) with the forward backward method (FBM), is applied for the investigation of electromagnetic scattering from-and propagation over-large-scale rough terrain problems. The algorithm utilizes high-level basis functions defined on macro-domains (blocks), called the characteristic basis functions (CBFs) that are constructed by aggregating low-level basis functions (i.e., conventional sub-domain basis functions). The FBM as well as the PO approach (when applicable) are used to construct the aforementioned CBFs. The conventional CBFM is slightly modified to handle large-terrain problems, and is further embellished by accelerating it, as well as reducing its storage requirements, via the use of an extrapolation procedure. Numerical results for the total fields, as well as for the path loss are presented and compared with either measured or previously published reference solutions to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm.

Numerical analysis and synthesis of 2D quasi-optical reflectors and beam waveguides based on an integral-equation approach with Nystrom's discretization

Considered is the beam wave guidance and scattering by 2D quasi-optical reflectors modeling the components of beam waveguides. The incident field is taken as the complex-source-point field to simulate a finite-width beam generated by a small-aperture source. A numerical solution is obtained from the coupled singular integral equations (SIEs) for the surface currents on reflectors, discretized by using the recently introduced Nystrom-type quadrature formulas. This analysis is applied to study what effect the edge illumination has on the performance of a chain of confocal elliptic reflectors. We also develop a semianalytical approach for shaped reflector synthesis after a prescribed near-field pattern. Here a new point is the use of auxiliary SIEs of the same type as in the scattering analysis problem, however, for the gradient of the objective function. Sample results are presented for the synthesis of a reflector-type beam splitter.

Analysis of an arbitrary conic section profile cylindrical reflector antenna, H-polarization case

Two-dimensional scattering of waves by a perfectly electric conducting reflector having arbitrary smooth profile is studied in the H-polarization case. This is done by reducing the mixed-potential integral equation to the dual-series equations and carrying out analytical regularization. To simulate a realistic primary feed, directive incident field is taken as a complex source point beam. The proposed algorithm shows convergence and efficiency. The far field characteristics are presented for the reflectors shaped as quite large-size curved strips of elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic profiles.

Time-domain equivalent edge currents for transient scattering

Time-domain equivalent edge currents (TD-EEC) are developed for the transient scattering analysis. The development is based an the Fourier inversion of frequency domain equivalent edge current expressions. The time-domain diffracted fields are expressed in terms of a contour integral along the diffracting edges for any arbitrary input pulse shape, thereby yielding finite results at the caustics of diffracted rays. The approach also eliminates the need for the evaluation of a convolution integral in the time domain geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) analysis. The results are compared with the first order GTD results for the transient scattering analysis for a circular disk.

Evaluation of internal MRI coils using ultimate intrinsic SNR

The upper bounds of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (also known as the “ultimate intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio” (UISNR)) for internal and external coils were calculated. In the calculation, the body was modeled as a dielectric cylinder with a small coaxial cylindrical cavity in which internal coils could be placed. The calculated UISNR values can be used as reference solutions to evaluate the performance of internal MRI coils. As examples, we evaluated the performance of a loopless antenna and an endourethral coil design by comparing their ISNR with the UISNR. Magn Reson Med 52:640–649, 2004.