Ayşe Kuruüzüm-Uz

The structures of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents from natural source: anthraquinones and tannins from roots of Rumex patientia

A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and a new simple halogenated flavan-3-ol, 6-chlorocatechin, have been isolated from the roots of Rumex patientia L. together with seven known phenolic compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic effects and radical scavenging properties of the isolated compounds have been demonstrated.

(6S)-Hydroxy-3-oxo-α-ionol glucosides from Capparis spinosa fruits

Abstract Two new (6 S )-hydroxy-3-oxo-α-ionol glucosides, together with corchoionoside C ((6 S ,9 S )-roseoside) and a prenyl glucoside, were isolated from mature fruits of Capparis spinosa . The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic, chiroptic and chemical evidence. In addition, the 13 C-resonance of C-9 was found to be of particular diagnostic value in assigning the absolute configuration at that center in ionol glycosides. The α-ionol derivatives are metabolites of (+)-( S )-abscisic acid.

Investigation on Anti-Inflammatory and Antiulcer Activities of Anchusa azurea Extracts and their Major Constituent Rosmarinic Acid

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of different extracts from the aerial parts and the roots of Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea (Boraginaceae), as well as their major constituent, rosmarinic acid. The extracts were water (AWa, RWa) and methanol (AMe, RMe) extracts prepared from the aerial parts and the roots of A. azurea, respectively. The AMe extract was found to exert anti-inflammatory effects; so it was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in distilled water (AMeWa) and then further fractionated with n-hexane (AMeHe) and n-butanol (AMeBu). Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats using carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, and antiulcer activity was investigated using indomethacin-induced gastric damage. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts, its n-butanol fraction, and rosmarinic acid, which was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the AMe extract, showed signifi cant dose-dependent antiinflammatory activity. During the acute phase of inflammation, the anti-inflammatory activity of rosmarinic acid was comparable to that of ibuprofen. No antiulcer activity was observed. The experimental data demonstrate that A. azurea Miller var. azurea and rosmarinic acid display significant anti-inflammatory activity.

In vitro effects of rosmarinic acid on glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Context: Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH:oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). GR is a crucial enzyme in the antioxidant system by maintaining reduced glutathione (GSH). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P):NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) is the key regulatory enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway and maintains NADPH for reductive reactions. Objective: Rosmarinic acid (RA; α-O-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid) is an ester of caffeic acid (CA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It has a number of interesting biological activities. The inhibiting activities of the RA on GR and G6PD are investigated here for the first time. Materials and methods: GR and G6PD were purified from tissues, then the effects of RA are investigated. Results: This study reports that RA, which was isolated from Echium vulgare L. (Boraginaceae), inhibits purified GR and G6PD in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic characterizations and inhibition constants are investigated. Discussion and conclusion: Because of their importance in the antioxidative defense system, investigation of the inhibitors of these enzymes is important for drug development.

Recent advances in chemistry, therapeutic properties and sources of polydatin

Abstract Polydatin (PLD), the 3-O-β-glucopyranoside of the well-known stilbenoid compound resveratrol, is a major compound of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) R. Decr. (Japanese knotweed), which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat infection, inflammatory diseases and circulatory problems. It has shown a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and immunostimulatory effects. Although resveratrol has similar beneficial effects, its low bioavailability has remained a problem. Glycosylation increases solubility of resveratrol in an aqueous environment, thus improving its bioavailability. This has led to a growing interest in PLD. Promising results obtained from bioactivity studies have boosted an intense research on this compound. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the botanical sources, pharmacology, biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and bioactivities of PLD, and to discuss clinical studies on this compound.

Bioguided Fractionation of Polygonum alpinum and Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Active Compounds

Abstract Bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract of aerial parts from Polygonum alpinum. L. (Polygonaceae) was investigated using the exudation phase of inflammation in aseptic arthritis model, which is produced by carrageenan and radical-scavenging properties. Flavonoid-containing fractions showed anti-inflammatory and radical-scavenging activities. Therefore, isolation and structure elucidation of flavonoids were carried out. The eight flavonol glycosides, which were quercetin 3-O.-arabinofuranoside (= avicularin) (1), quercetin 3-O.-β.-glucuronopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O.-α.-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6)-β.-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O.-β.-galacturonopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O.-β.-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3-O.-β.-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O.-β.-galactopyranoside (= hyperoside) (7), and myricetin 3-O.-β.-galactopyranoside (8), were isolated from the methanol herb extract of Polygonum alpinum.. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods.

Two antigenotoxic chalcone glycosides from Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia.

Abstract Context: Mentha L. (Labiatae) species (mint) with their flavoring properties have been used in food industries for centuries. Besides they have a great importance in drug development and medicinal applications due to various bioactive compounds of several members of the genus. Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate bioactive compounds with antimutagenic potential by bio-guided fractionation and determine their structures by spectroscopic methods. Materials and methods: The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was done based on spectroscopic methods, including MALDI-MS, UV, IR, and 2D NMR experiments, and the bio-guided fractionation process was done by using the Ames/Salmonella test system. Henceforth, solely genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the new compounds were also confirmed up to 2 µM/plate by using the same test system. Results: Two new chalcone glycosides: (βR)-β,3,2′,6′-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-O-rutinosyldihydrochalcone and (βR)-β,4,2′,6′-tetrahydroxy-4′-O-rutinosyldihydrochalcone, were isolated from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. longifolia, together with known six flavonoid glycosides and one phenolic acid: apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid. According to the antimutagenicity results, both new test compounds significantly inhibited the mutagenic activity of 9-aminoacridine in a dose-dependent manner at the tested concentrations from 0.8 to 2 µM/plate. (βR)-β,4,2′,6′-Tetrahydroxy-4′-O-rutinosyldihydrochalcone showed the maximum inhibition rate as 75.94% at 2 µM/plate concentration. Conclusions: This is the first report that two new chalcone glycosides were isolated from Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia and their antimutagenic potentials by using mutant bacterial tester strains. In conclusion, the two new chalcone glycosides showed a significant antigenotoxic effect on 9-aminoacridine-induced mutagenesis at tested concentrations.

Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Alkaloitler

Mantarlar (makrofunguslar) besin kaynagi ve ilac olarak ozellikle Dogu Asya’da yuzyillardir diyetin bir parcasidir. Son zamanlarda uzerlerinde yapilan calismalarin sayisinin artmasi nedeniyle mantarlarin ve ekstrelerinin tibbi amacla kullanimi daha populer hale gelmistir. Mantarlar cogunlukla polisakkaritler, terpenler ve steroller tasimaktadir. Alkaloitler cok dusuk dozlarda bile biyoaktif etki gosterirler ve genellikle Angiospermlerde bulunurlar. Bu grup bilesiklerin makrofunguslarda bulunuslari oldukca sinirlidir ve haklarinda polisakkaritler ya da terpenler gibi diger bilesiklerin mantarlarda yayilislari kadar detayli bilgi yoktur. Bu derlemede, mantarlarda bulunan alkaloitlerin dagilimi ve biyoaktivitelerine odaklandik.

Chemical constituents of Lonicera etrusca

0009-3130/12/4804-0693 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 6931) Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey, e-mail:guvenalp@atauni.edu.tr; 2) Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, TR-06100, Ankara,Turkey; 3) Ataturk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey. Published in

Labdane-type diterpenes from Cistus creticus

0009-3130/12/4802-0337 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 1) Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100, Ankara, Turkey, e-mail: omurd@hacettepe.edu.tr; 2) Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey; 3) Ataturk University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, March–April, 2012, pp. 302–303. Original article submitted December 22, 2010. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 48, No. 2, May, 2012 [Russian original No. 2, March–April, 2012]