Ayse Sen

Analysis of drought-tolerant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) mutants induced with gamma radiation using SDS-PAGE and ISSR markers.

Drought is one of the major environmental stresses which greatly affect the plant growth and productivity. In the present study, various doses (0-75Gy) of gamma rays were applied to investigate the effect of radiation on shoot tip explants. It was observed that the regeneration rates and plant fresh weights decreased significantly with an increase in radiation dose. The optimal irradiation doses for mutation induction were determined at 15 and 20Gy. Afterwards, the induction of somatic mutation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was investigated by irradiation of shoot tips with 15 and 20Gy gamma rays. Irradiated shoot tips were sub-cultured and M(1)V(1)-M(1)V(3) generations were obtained. Mutants tolerant to drought stress were selected on MS medium, supplemented with 10 and 20gl(-1) PEG6000. Of the M(1)V(3) plantlets, drought-tolerant mutants were selected. Leaf soluble proteins obtained from the control and drought-tolerant mutants were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A total of 22 protein bands were determined and 2 of them were observed to be drought-tolerant mutants except the control. Polymorphism was also detected among the control and drought-tolerant mutants by DNA fingerprinting using ISSR markers. A total of 106 PCR fragments were amplified with 19 ISSR primers and 91 of them were polymorphic. The dendrograms were separated into two main clusters. First cluster included M8 mutant plant, which was applied 20Gy gamma radiation and regenerated on selective culture media containing 10gl(-1) PEG6000 concentration, and the second cluster was further divided into five sub-clusters.

Somatic embryogenesis and double haploid techniques for improvement of mutant wheat

A hydrocarbons have attracted concern as a kind of environmental pollutants along with possible health threats. Comamonas testosteroni strain P19 was originally isolated as a biphenyl degrader and capable of degrading several aromatic compounds as a sole source of carbon and energy. Here, we describe the metabolic insight by genetic and physiological analysis indicating how aromatic compounds are metabolized in C. testosteroni strain P19. The strain has a circular chromosome of 5,633,218 bp with a G+C content of 67.65% and one plasmid. The annotation identified gene clusters encoding essential proteins for metabolizing several aromatic hydrocarbons including anthranilate, benzoate, biphenyl, m-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, p-methoxybenzoate, phenol, phthalate, protocatechuate, terephthalate etc. Random plasposon mutagenesis confirmed that the predicted gene clusters were essential in the metabolic pathways of the compounds. In addition, we identified novel metabolite on degradation of ferulate which had very similar structure to vanillate. Based on structural assignment, the unknown product was revealed as a dimer of vanillate that was a novel intermediate in ferulate degradation pathway. Subsequently, genomic approach suggested the metabolic network of aromatic compounds in C. testosteroni strain P19.S enterica serovar typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) is the most common causative agent of human gastroenteritis after consumption of contaminated seafood. The use of lytic bacteriophages against this pathogen can be a new and promising approach for the prevention of food-contamination and food-borne infection. This study investigated the potential application of the bacteriophage SE-5 during depuration to reduce S. typhimurium in cockles (Cerastoderma edule) at different multiplicity of infection (MOI). Cockles were infected with 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of S. typhimurium in the seawater and each infected group was treated with four different MOI values: 100, 10, 1 and 0.1. Infected cockles were depurated in non-recirculating seawater at 16°C for 12 hour. After S. typhimurium accumulation at 16° C, the initial mean values of bacteria in cockles were 6.20 log CFU/g. Depuration with phages at MOI 0.1 was the best condition to inactivate S. typhimurium in cockles, the concentration was reduced by 1.7 log CFU/g after 2 hours of depuration. Reduction for the other MOI values (MOI=1; MOI=10; MOI=100) was 1.13, 1.21 and 2.10 log CFU/g after 6 hours, 12 hours and 12 hours of treatment respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a depuration trial using bacteriophage in the cockle treatment process. The data of this study indicate clearly that the application of the bacteriophages could reduce significantly the population of S. typhimurium in infected cockles. Moreover, cockles could be maintained alive during the depuration process. Therefore, the application of bacteriophage was effectively proven to be useful for shellfish depuration.S members of the genus Lavandula (Lavenders) are economically important crop plants that produce and store large quantities of essential oils (EO; a mixture of primarily monoterpenes) in glandular trichomes, or oil glands. Because glandular trichomes are specialized for EO production, they strongly express the related structural and regulatory genes. We have generated substantial genomic resources to probe essential oil metabolism in lavenders, and have cloned several key EO biosynthetic genes including lavandulyl diphosphate synthase, caryophyllene, borneol dehydrogenase, cineole synthase, and beta-phellandrene synthase from these plants. We have also developed a set of EST-SSR markers capable of delineating a number of lavender species effectively. In this presentation the author will present a summary of his recent findings.This novel, albeit abstract representation of alphaIntroduction The superfamily of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, by definition, comprises members from all major taxa, and participates in neutralizing the effects of several forms of abiotic stress, viz., pesticides, hypoxia, and osmotic. The oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate is coupled with a concomitant substrate hydroxylation and, is in most cases, followed by an additional specialized conversion.W optics has historically been mainly used for imaging applications, light has now become a tool of manipulation and direct interaction with biological samples. It is well known that when light impinges on an object, it exerts a small pressure on it known as optical force. An immediate application of optical forces is found in optical tweezers, which in biology are usually employed as a non-invasive technique to immobilize cellular organisms for imaging purposes. These techniques, including more pioneering ideas such as, e.g., cell optical sorting and in-vivo manipulation, require a precise understanding on how the optical pressure affects biological organisms. This calls for the development of precise numerical methods, whose development will be crucial for applications of the aforementioned techniques. In this respect, ab-initio techniques represent a very important tool that can provide quantitative answers to the problem. By employing a series of massively parallel FDTD simulations, we study how optical forces act on biological matter. As a representative case study, we here consider deformed Red Blood Cells (RBC) illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave. We consider typical deformations arising due to the presence of a disease such as malaria. Realistic parameters for the geometry and the refractive index are then taken from published experiments. In our theoretical campaign, we study the dependence of the optical force on the particle shape and the incident wavelength. We show that optical forces change appreciably with the deformation, with amplitude variation in the pN range for RBCs affected by disease.Background: Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) family is a group of four highly conserved trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4) involved in fate decision of many pivotal biological processes. Several mutations on EGFR have been associated to number of human cancers making it one of the most sought after target for cancer therapeutics. However despite its therapeutic importance, its full length structural behavior is still illusive. Therefore to utilize and exploit this magic drug target, it is imperative to decipher its structure.Most immunosuppressive agents were initially developed as antibiotics produced by the genus Streptomyces . This investigation was devoted to explore the bioactive metabolite of the Streptomyces variabilis ASU319 extract and testing the purified active compound of this extract as an immunosuppressive agent in rats blood. Elucidation of the chemical structure and optimization of the active compound were studied as well. Antimicrobial activity was conducted using agar-well diffusion and disc diffusion assays. The antimicrobial metabolite was extracted from the fermentation broth by ethyl acetate and purified by TLC and silica gel column chromatography. The pure active compound was then subjected to spectroscopic analyses: 1 H NMR, Elemental analysis, IR and Mass spectra. The active antimicrobial compound was tested as an immunosuppressive agent by injection in the rat blood and the complete blood count (CBC) was determined. The crude extracts of the selected active antagonistic five isolates were tested to prevent the inflammation and proliferation of lymphocytes of the rats blood. The active antimicrobial compound of Streptomyces ASU319 was purified and proven as an immunosuppressive agent. The tested compound decreased each of the neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes than the positive control. The compound was of molecular weight 458 g/mol and had given the proposed chemical formula C 24 H 46 O 8 . The most potent bacterial isolate was identified by 16SrRNA sequencing as Streptomyces variabilis ASU319 with accession number [GenBank: KC145278]. These results revealed that Streptomyces variabilis ASU319 is potential microbial for production of active antimicrobial compound that has the ability to decrease the proliferation of the lymphocytes cells in the blood and may be a good immunosuppressive agent.New fluorescent N-(2 and 3-methoxyphenyl) thieno [3, 2-b] pyridin-7-amines were synthesized by C-N coupling of 7-bromothieno [3, 2-b] pyridine with 2 or 3 methoxy anilines and gave very low growth inhibitory (GI50) values when studied in human tumor cell lines but also in non-tumor cells. So, pursuing a future clinical administration of these compounds, they were encapsulated in nanoliposomes due to the toxicity presented in vitro in non-tumor cells. The compounds are reasonably fluorescent in solvents of different polarity exhibiting fluorescence quantum yields between 10% and 60%. Nanoliposomes are technological developments for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents. Because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability along with their size, nanoliposomes have potential applications in a vast range of fields including nanotherapy. Nanoliposomes are able to enhance the performance of bioactive agents by improving their bioavailability in vitro and in vivo stability as well as preventing their unwanted interactions with other molecules. These compounds have been successfully encapsulated in different nanoliposome formulations as revealed by fluorescence emission and fluorescence anisotropy measurements. These results are important for future drug delivery developments using these compounds as antitumor agents.H infections are present worldwide and microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites can be responsible for such infections. Fungal infections exhibit low occurrence; however, because they take longer to detect and treat, high rates of morbidity and mortality are known. Thus, fungal infections namely those associated to Aspergillus niger represent actual challenges especially for elderly, neonates or those having an underlying disease or under immunosuppressive drug treatments. Microbial metabolomics has been breaking new ground as a very useful tool in several areas including those related to microbial diagnosis. Microorganisms produce several volatile metabolites, the whole of which can be used as unique chemical fingerprints of each species and possibly of strain. This richness of information holds the promise for diagnosing infections. This research study aims to in-depth study the A. niger exometabolome in order to establish metabolites pattern that can be further exploited for fungal diagnosis. A methodology based on advanced multidimensional gas chromatography (HSSPME/GC×GC-ToFMS) tandem with multivariate analysis was developed. Different growth conditions were assayed. A. niger exometabolome revealed around 500 metabolites distributed over several chemical families being the major ones alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones and terpenoids. A subset of 44 metabolites defined as the A. niger metabolomic biomarkers pattern was selected and successfully used to distinguish this species from others previously chosen revealing its useful potential.T cell phone technology is an integral part of everyday life and, it is used to chat including voice and picture and in addition has many other applications. Male reproductive system is highly compartmentalized and sensitive biological system that requires the integration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to normal function, hence we studied effects of GMS (Towers and Mobile radiation) on reproductive hormones (FSH, AMH, LH, Testosterone) and interference of other factors such as smoking, distant and hours near towers, mobile using period, and tumors related with. Our study was applied on 144 samples and was compared with 50 controls. The result showed significant increase in LH & FSH levels while significant decrease in Testosterone & AMH hormone, also there was a significant increase in hormone levels of smoking and nonsmoking persons and distend from tower and a large percentage of tumor disease.M pulegium and Eucalyptus camaldulensis are important plant species with applications in flavouring processed foods. Their essential oils were tested for antifungal activity to explore biocontrol ways vs. fungal rot of apples in storage. Extracts analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed M. pulegium dominated by pulegone and E. camaldulensis, by 1,8 cineole and α pinene. Oils antifungal activity was studied vs. Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum. Oil of M. pulegium is thrice most active than E. camaldulensis. Chemical components show synergism. Inhibition suggests food-preservation application. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and its production. Oils components are classified by numbers of C=C bonds, O atoms and cycles. Classification algorithms are based on information entropy. When applying procedures to moderate-size sets, excessive results appear compatible with data and suffer combinatorial explosion; however, after equipartition conjecture one obtains selection criterion resulting from classification between hierarchical trees. Information entropy permits classifying oils components and agrees with principal component analyses.H metals are common environmental pollutants to the aquatic organisms. Several aquatic species have been used as biomarkers and bio-monitoring subjects for heavy metal pollution. Behavioral changes are sensitive markers of toxicity. The effects of Cd and Mn on the survival, locomotion, attachment and feeding behaviors of the gastropod snail Biomphalaria alexandrina were determined. The 96-h LC50 for Cd and Mn were 0.38 and 156.57 mg/l, respectively. Snails were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of each metal plus a control for chronic exposure period (16-20 days) and the survival curves were determined. Locomotion and feeding behaviors of snails exposed to Cd and Mn at acute (96 h exposure) and chronic exposure (24 days exposure) intervals were recorded. The survival curves showed that long term exposure of snails to ascending concentrations of Cd and Mn caused a gradual decrease in the survival rate of B. alexandrina in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to control, a significant decrease was recorded in the feeding and locomotion behaviors of exposed snails. The tendency to feed in B. alexandrina was significantly decreased by acute exposure to Cd and completely blocked by Mn exposure. The feeding rate was 4.8±0.68 bites/min. in Cd-exposed snails compared to 16.3±1.7 bites/minute in control. A significant decrease was recorded in the locomotion behavior of exposed snail groups compared to control. The path length of traces was 3351.2±95.3 mm in control compared to 295.3±50 and 1610.5±58.9 mm, respectively for Mn and Cd exposed snails. Thus, sub-lethal metal concentrations affected B. alexandrina behaviors, potentially impacting the snail’s activity and tendency to feed. The present study also demonstrated B. alexandrina as a sensitive bio-indicator and can be used as a model organism to assess heavy metals risk factors for severe toxicity in freshwater ecosystems.1 (ACC) deaminase promotes plant growth by sequestering and cleaving the ethylene precursor ACC to α-ketobutyrate and ammonium. Many plant growth promoting rhizobacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase as a source of nitrogen has an eminent role in plant nutrition. The present work deals with comparative analysis of ACCD producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are Azospirillum lipoferum, Phyllobacterium brassicacearum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica OSU18 and Bacillus cereus. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ACCD producing PGPR species represents the common conserved domain belonging to the tryptophan synthase beta subunit-like PLP-dependent enzymes super family and closely related to each other. The predicted homology models of ACCD of PGPR have similar protein structure with similar folds often share similar function. This analysis represents the evolutionary conservation and same biochemical function of ACCD producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. This analysis is very helpful to understand the biological function of PGPR species.Today, cell phone technology is an integral part of everyday life and, its use to chat including voice and picture in addition to many other applications. Male reproductive system is highly compartmentalized and sensitive biological system that requires the integration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to normal function, hence we studied effects of GMS (Towers and Mobil radiation)on reproductive hormones (FSH,AMH,LH, Testosterone) and interference of other factors such as smoking ,distant and hours near towers, Mobil using period, and tumors related with .Our study applied on (144) sample compared with (50) control, the result showed significant increase in LH&FSH levels while significant decrease in Testosterone & AMH hormone, also significant increase inhormone levels smoking and non-smoking persons and distend from tower.S steroid hormones regulate multiple female reproductive functions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inflammationassociated enzyme to regulate prostaglandin production. Previous studies demonstrated that COX-2-deficient mice failed to ovulate suggesting a vital role of COX-2 in ovulation. Sex steroid hormones were reported to modulate COX-2 expression: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was able to inhibit interlukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells while estradiol (E2) was able to promote COX-2 expression in the rat oviduct. In the ovary, the significance and the involving mechanisms of androgens and estrogens in COX-2 regulation remain mostly unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether and how sex steroid hormones affect COX-2 expression in rat ovarian granulosa cells. Previous studies suggested that PKC could be activated by FSH or LH in follicular granulosa cells leading to inflammatory-like consequences. Thus, a PKC activator PDD (phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate) was used in this study. It was noted that DHT appeared to attenuate PDDinduced COX-2 protein, mRNA expression and promoter activity; However, E2 was able to enhance PDD induced COX-2 protein, mRNA expression and promoter activity. In addition, the PDD-mediated PGE2 production was also impacted by DHT and E2. The PDD-mediated COX-2 expression was inhibited by parthenolide (NF-κB inhibitor) but was enhanced by SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor). Thus, DHT and E2 may affect PKC-mediated inflammation in ovarian granulosa cells by acting through these signaling players.D to the natural complementary properties in DNA sequences based on double helix pair exploring longer DNA pieces and its reverse fragment in complementary symmetry with a distance play an important role in modern genetic analysis. In this talk, the substring complementary string matching technique is used to detect and analyze the structure of DNA motif. We focused on the relationship between fragment and its reverse fragment in complementary symmetry and the possible structure of palindromic sequences, hairpin prediction. Statistical measurements are used to process some selected human genome data and all possible corresponding fragments are identified. We convert the identified data into visualized figures to illustrate the visible analysis results of quantities of complex DNA sequences as extracted information.