Aysel Veyisoglu

Streptomyces hoynatensis sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment.

A novel actinobacterium, strain S1412(T), was isolated from a deep sediment sample, collected from the southern Black Sea coast of Turkey, and was examined using a polyphasic approach. The organism had chemical and morphological features typical of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall of the novel strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose and traces of xylose. The polar lipid profile of S1412(T) consisted of the predominant compound diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol. Strain S1412(T) exhibited an unusual quinone system, with the predominant compounds MK-10(H8), MK-9(H8) and MK-10(H6) and small amounts of MK-9(H6) and MK-10(H4). Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and anteiso-C17:0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities for strain S1412(T) with respect to the most closely related type strains of species of the genus Streptomyces were less than 97.0%. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives, Streptomyces specialis GW 41-1564(T), Streptomyces mayteni YIM 60475(T), Streptomyces hainanensis YIM 47672(T), Streptomyces avicenniae MCCC1A01535(T) and Streptomyces sedi YIM 65188(T). Based on chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain S1412(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces hoynatensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1412(T) ( = KCTC 29097(T) = DSM 42069(T)).

Methylobacterium tarhaniae sp. nov., isolated from arid soil.

A reddish-orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic strain, N4211(T), isolated from arid soil, collected from Abuja, Nigeria, was analysed by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain N4211(T) belonged to the genus Methylobacterium. Strain N4211(T) was most closely related to Methylobacterium aquaticum GR16(T) (98.56 %), Methylobacterium platani PMB02(T) (97.95 %) and Methylobacterium variabile GR3(T) (97.2 %), and the phylogenetic similarities to all other species of the genus Methylobacterium with validly published names were less than 97.0 %. The major ubiquinones detected were Q-10. The major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (C18 : 1 cis11/t9/t6). The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain N4211(T) and the most closely related strains M. aquaticum DSM 16371(T) and M. platani KCTC 12901(T) were 60.0 and 48.2 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain N4211(T) is assigned to a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium for which the name Methylobacterium tarhaniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N4211(T)( = KCTC 23615(T) = DSM 25844(T)).

Saccharomonospora amisosensis sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment

A novel actinomycete, strain DS3030(T), was isolated from a deep sediment sample, collected from the southern Black Sea coast, Turkey, and was examined using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DS3030(T) was shown to belong to the genus Saccharomonospora and to be related most closely to Saccharomonospora marina XMU15(T) (99.6 % similarity). Sequence similarities with other strains of the genus Saccharomonospora were lower than 97.0 %. The organism had chemical and morphological features typical of the genus Saccharomonospora. The cell wall of the novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 1cis 9. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the new isolate from its closest relative, S. marina XMU15(T). The combined genotypic and phenotypic data and low DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest related strain reveal that strain DS3030(T) represents a novel species of the genus, for which the name Saccharomonospora amisosensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS3030(T) ( = DSM 45685(T) = KCTC 29069(T) = NRRL B-24885(T)).

Pseudonocardia cypriaca sp. nov., Pseudonocardia salamisensis sp. nov., Pseudonocardia hierapolitana sp. nov. and Pseudonocardia kujensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

The taxonomic positions of four novel actinomycetes isolated from soil samples, designated KT2142T, PM2084T, K236T and A4038T, were established by using a polyphasic approach. The organisms had chemical and morphological features that were consistent with their classification in the genus Pseudonocardia. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the four strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars (cell-wall type IV). Their predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-8(H4). The major fatty acid was iso-C16:0. 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the classification of the isolates in the genus Pseudonocardia and showed that they formed four distinct branches within the genus. DNA-DNA relatedness studies between the isolates and their phylogenetic neighbours showed that they belonged to distinct genomic species. The four isolates were readily distinguished from one another and from the type strains of species classified in the genus Pseudonocardia based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic properties. In conclusion, it is proposed that the four isolates be classified in four novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the names Pseudonocardia cypriaca sp. nov. (type strain KT2142T=KCTC 29067T=DSM 45511T=NRRL B-24882T), Pseudonocardia hierapolitana sp. nov. (type strain PM2084T=KCTC 29068T=DSM 45671T=NRRL B-24879T), Pseudonocardia salamisensis sp. nov. (type strain K236T=KCTC 29100T=DSM 45717T) and Pseudonocardia kujensis sp. nov. (type strain A4038T=KCTC 29062T=DSM 45670T=NRRL B-24890T) are proposed.

Nonomuraea muscovyensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, strain FMN03(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yuga Zapadnaya South-West Forest Park, Moscow, Russia. The isolate had chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Nonomuraea and formed a distinct 16S rRNA gene subclade with the type strains Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. carminata NBRC 15903(T) and Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. roseoviolacea NBRC 14098(T). The organism formed extensively branched substrate and aerial hyphae, which generated spiral chains of spores with smooth surfaces. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars were glucose, galactose and trace amounts of madurose, mannose and xylose. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C17 : 0 10-methyl, C17 : 1 cis9 and iso-C16 : 0. Analyses of its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with DNA-DNA relatedness data, confirmed that strain FMN03(T) is a representative of a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, which is distinct from closely related reference strains. Strain FMN03(T) ( = DSM 45913(T) = KCTC 29233(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Nonomuraea muscovyensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Streptomyces karpasiensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A novel actinobacteria, designated strain K413(T), was isolated from soil collected from Karpaz National Park, Magusa, Northern Cyprus, and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. The isolate was found to have chemical and morphological properties associated with members of the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analyses based on almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Streptomyces, and was shown to form a distinct phyletic line in the Streptomyces phylogenetic tree. Strain K413(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968(T) (98.01%). Sequence similarities with other strains of the genus Streptomyces were below 98.0%. The cell wall of the novel strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H8) (45.0%). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strain K413(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces karpasiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K413(T) ( = KCTC 29096(T) = DSM 42068(T)).

Nocardia sungurluensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and mycolic acid-containing strain, CR3272T, isolated from soil, was studied using a polyphasic approach. The organism showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type IV) and whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, arabinose and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4cyc). The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1cis9, C18:0 10-methyl (TBSA) and C16:1cis9. The novel strain formed distinct phyletic line in the Nocardia 16S rRNA gene tree and was closely associated with Nocardia goodfellowii A2012T (98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia alba YIM 30243T (98.5%) and Nocardia caishijiensis F829T (97.9%). However, DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain CR3272T was clearly distinguished from all closely related species of the genus Nocardia. It is concluded that the organism be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia sungurluensis is proposed. The type strain is CR3272T (=DSM 45714T=KCTC 29094T).

Micromonospora phytophila sp. nov. and Micromonospora luteiviridis sp. nov., isolated as natural inhabitants of plant nodules

Two actinobacterial isolates, strains SG15T and SGB14T, were recovered through a microbial diversity study of nitrogen fixing nodules from Pisum sativum plants collected in Salamanca (Spain). The taxonomic status of these isolates was determined using a polyphasic approach and both presented chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Micromonospora. For strains SG15T and SGB14T, the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were observed with Micromonospora coxensis JCM 13248T (99.2 %) and Micromonospora purpureochromogenes DSM 43821T (99.4 %), respectively. However, strains SG15T and SGB14T were readily distinguished from their phylogenetic neighbours both genetically and phenotypically indicating that they represent two new Micromonospora species. The following names are proposed for these species: Micromonosporaphytophila sp. nov. type strain SG15T (=CECT 9369T; =DSM 105363T), and Micromonosporaluteiviridis sp. nov. type strain SGB14T (=CECT 9370T; =DSM 105362T).

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Strains from Decomposing Hazelnut Husk

ABSTRACT Composting is the microbial decomposition of materials that are biologically degradable. The structure of the initial organic materials differs from that of the decomposed materials in terms of C/N ratio and other related chemical properties. During the decomposition process, various microorganisms degrade intermediate organic products. The objectives of this study were to determine the bacteria enabling the degradation of hazelnut husks and some chemical properties of decomposing hazelnut husks, which are an agricultural waste. For that purpose, 1 m3 of hazelnut husks collected from hazelnut orchards were heaped on bare soil and left to decompose aerobically. The bacterial strains that utilize hazelnut husks were sampled periodically for 2 years. Thirty bacterial isolates were cultured; the majority of the bacterial isolates were affiliated with Actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces spp. with seventeen strains. The total N, pH, and electrical conductivity of the hazelnut husk heap increased significantly over the 2-year period, with the highest values obtained at the end of the study period. The initial C/N ratio was 55.7 and after the 24 months, the final ratio was 22.6.

Streptomyces burgazadensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated Z1R7(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Burgazada, in the Marmara Sea (Turkey), and the strain identity was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces and it formed a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree, together with the type strains Streptomyces specialis GW41-1564(T) (95.76 %), Streptomyces mayteni YIM 60475(T) (95.64 %), Streptomyces hainanensis YIM 47672(T) (95.53 %), Streptomyces hoynatensis S1412(T) (95.29 %), Streptomyces avicenniae MCCC 1A01535(T) (94.74 %), Streptomyces sedi YIM 65188(T) (94.59 %) and Streptomyces zhaozhouensis NEAU-LZS-5(T) (94.68 %). Chomotaxonomic data revealed that strain Z1R7(T) possesed MK-9 (H8) as the predominant menaquinone, ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and galactose, glucose and ribose as whole cell sugars. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phoshphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were the predominant polar lipids; iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that isolate Z1R7(T) ( = KCTC 29434(T) = DSM 42126(T)) should be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces burgazadensis sp. nov.