Ayşenur Keleş

The protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against streptomycin ototoxicity.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the prevention of streptomycin-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two adult Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 8), streptomycin (n = 8), CAPE (n = 8), and streptomycin + CAPE (n = 8). Rats were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before drug administration. The animals in all groups were killed under general anesthesia on the 45th day following last DPOAE measurements. Hearing results were analyzed statistically to determine differences in amplitudes of DPOAE. Also, the cochleas of each rat were evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS Significant difference was not observed in cochlear hair cells in the control and CAPE groups. In the streptomycin group, severe degeneration of hair cells and increased apoptotic cells were observed. In the streptomycin + CAPE group, although some deteriorations were observed, hair cells were mostly preserved. The DPgram of the streptomycin and streptomycin + CAPE groups was significantly deteriorated (P < .05). The analysis of the DPgram results revealed statistically significant differences between the groups of streptomycin and streptomycin + CAPE (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Caffeic acid phenethyl ester treatment attenuated hair cells injury in the inner ear, possibly via its antioxidant effect. Prophylactic administration of CAPE for streptomycin ototoxicity ameliorated hearing deterioration in rats.

The antioxidant effects of pomegranate extract on local and remote organs in a mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion model

Objectives: We investigated whether pomegranate extract plays a protective antioxidant role against mesenteric ischemia–reperfusion injury (IR), which can lead to a systemic response and damage distant organs, such as the lung, liver, and kidney. Methods: Forty female Wistar–Albino rats were separated into four groups: laparotomy, laparotomy + PG, mesenteric IR, and mesenteric IR and pomegranate (IR + PG). In the laparotomy + PG and IR + PG groups, pomegranate (225 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage at the beginning of the study. Ischemia was induced for 30 minutes, and reperfusion was subsequently allowed for 60 minutes in the IR and IR + PG groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity (AOA) levels were evaluated in blood samples. Additionally, all tissues were removed for the measurement of AOA and total oxidant status as well as for subsequent histopathological evaluation. The oxidative stress index was calculated. Results: Histopathological changes in all organs were significantly higher in the IR group and significantly lower in the IR + PG group vs. the other groups. Serum MDA levels were significantly lower in the IR + PG group than in the IR group. No significant difference was found in AOA levels of the groups. Discussion: These data may explain the positive protective effects of pomegranate based on the histopathologic findings in ischemic conditions in an intestinal IR injury model.

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Ecballium elaterium on Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Ecballium elaterium (EE) on sepsis-induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, sepsis, and treatment groups (sepsis + EE) with each group containing 10 rats. A rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used. In the treatment group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg EE after CLP. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values after a 24-hr period were measured via cardiac puncture. Animals were harvested after the procedure and biochemical analysis was done and histopathological changes of the tissue sections of lungs were examined thereafter. Results: A statistically significant decrease was observed in the IL-6 (p < .05), TNF-α (p < .05), and TOS (p < .01) levels in the sera of the treatment group compared to those of the sepsis group. Following the treatment, the TOS (p = .01) and OSI (p < .05) levels in the lung tissue of rats indicated a statistically significant decrease compared to those of the sepsis group. The histopathological follow-up undertaken after the administration of the EE treatment to septic rats showed significantly lower values of alveolar wall thickness (p < .001), interstitial edema (p = .018), and neutrophil infiltration (p = .047). Conclusion: EE treatment may have beneficial effects on sepsis-induced lung injury, and therefore has potential for clinical use.

Omurilik yaralanmaların patofizyolojisi

Correspondence: Tevfik Yılmaz, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, TURKEY Email: kartaltevfik@hotmail.com Received: 27.08.2013, Accepted: 01.12.2013 Copyright

The effect of corticosteroid against streptomycin ototoxicity.

Abstract The aim of this experimental study was to determine the possible protective role of corticosteroid in prevention of streptomycin-induced ototoxicity. Twenty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 7), streptomycin (n = 7), corticosteroid (n = 7), and streptomycin + corticosteroid (n = 7). Rats were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the beginning and at the end of the study. The animals in all groups were killed under general anesthesia on the 45th day after the last DPOAE measurements. Hearing results were analyzed statistically to determine differences in amplitudes of DPOAE. In addition, the cochleas of each rat were evaluated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. Significant difference was not observed in cochlear hair cells in the control and corticosteroid groups, whereas severe degeneration of hair cells and increased apoptotic cells were observed in the streptomycin group. Moderate degeneration was observed in the streptomycin + corticosteroid group. The hair cells were partially intact. DP-gram of the streptomycin and streptomycin + corticosteroid groups was significantly deteriorated (P < 0.05). The coadministration of steroids with streptomycin, which has a serious ototoxic effect, did not lead to a limitation of this harmful effect.

The Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Acetylsalicylic Acid-induced Lung Injury in Rats

ABSTRACT Aim: We aimed to investigate the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced lung damage in rats in the present study. Methods: A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into five groups, with eight rats in each group—group 1: control, not receiving any medication; group 2: ASA (50 mg/kg/day); group 3: ASA (50 mg/kg/day) plus CAPE (20 μg/kg/day); group 4: ASA (100 mg/kg/day); and group 5: ASA (100 mg/kg/day) plus CAPE (20 μg/kg/day). ASA and CAPE were given via orogastric gavage for 5 days. The total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidant stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity of the blood samples and lung tissues were determined. Histopathological examinations of the lung tissues were performed by using light microscopic methods. Results: CAPE treatment significantly increased antioxidant PON-1 level both in the lung tissue and plasma (p < .05). Plasma antioxidant marker (TAC, PON-1) levels significantly increased and oxidant marker (TOS, OSI) levels significantly decreased in CAPE-treated rats (groups 3,5) compared to ASA given no-CAPE groups (group 2,4) (p < .05). Treatment with CAPE improved pulmonary interstitial inflammation and eosinophil accumulation due to ASA histopathologically. Conclusion: Eosinophil-rich inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in ASA-induced lung toxicity, and CAPE may protect against ASA-induced lung toxicity by reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation in rats.

Nadir bir renal pelvis tümörü: Müsinöz kistadenokarsinom

Renal pelvis malignitelerinin cogunlugunu urotelyal karsinom olusturur, ancak musinoz kistadenokarsinom (MKA) oldukca nadir gorulur. MKA’nin patogenezinde cesitli teoriler ortaya atilsa da kesin etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda nadir gorulen MKA’li bir olgunun histopatolojik ozelliklerinin sunulmasi amaclanmistir. Olgumuz 68 yasinda erkek hasta olup sol yan agrisi sikayeti ile hastanemize muracaat etti. Batin ultrasonografi ve manyetik rezonans goruntulemesinde sol bobrek ektazik gorunumde olup birlesme egiliminde olan cok sayida kistik yapi ve milimetrik taslar saptandi. Atrofik pyelonefritik bobrek dusunulerek olguya sol basit nefrektomi uygulandi. Nefrektomi materyalinin kesitlerinde musin ile dolu cok sayida kistik yapi ve MKA ile uyumlu histopatolojik gorunum mevcuttu. Olgunun nadir gorulmesi, klinik ve radyolojik bulgularinin atrofik kistik bobregi taklit etmesi nedeni ile histopatolojik ozellikleri ve literatur bilgileri esliginde sunulmasi amaclanmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Bobrek, musinoz kistadenokarsinom

Malign adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with high Ki-67 index: Case report with the literature review

Breast glands and salivary glands can manifest as tumors with similar morphological features. Salivary gland-like tumors of the breast are of two types: tumors with myoepithelial differentiation and those devoid of that. The breast tumors showing pure myoepithelial or epimyoepithelial differentiation are rare. Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the breast is a biphasic tumor, identical to the epithelial-myoepithelial cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. Histologically, AME is composed of two cell types; myoepithelial and epithelial. The epithelial component is composed of columnar cells showing features of apocrine cells. The outer layer is composed of clear cells with the immunohistological profile of myoepithelial cells. Our case was a 45-year-old woman presenting with a painless mass located peripherally on her right breast. Grossly, on the cut surface of the excision material a solid, well-circumscribed, white-gray, firm mass was seen. Microscopically, the tumoral lesion was composed of epithelial and myoepithelial components and had lobulated and focally infiltrating margins. Both epithelial and myoepithelial components showed marked pleomorphism, mitotic activity, atypia, and focal necrosis. Immunohistochemically SMA, CD10, p63 and CK5/6 were positive in the myoepithelial component and CK7 was positive in the epithelial component, Ki-67 proliferation index was 20% in the tumor. But estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative. We find our case worthy to report because of the tumor showed high Ki-67 index, and extremely rarity of malignant AME in the breast tissue that it has only rarely been documented in the literature. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (4): 425-429

Malign melanomu ve renal hücreli karsinomu taklit eden alveolar soft part sarkom olgusu

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare, distinctive sarcoma most frequently encountered in patients 15-35 years of age, and typically located in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities in adults. If the tumor affects infants and children, it is often located in the head and neck region. This uncommon neoplasm presents as a slowly growing, painless mass. Because of relative lack of symptoms, it could be easily overlooked and frequent late metastases might be seen at the time of diagnosis after a prolonged clinical course. Herein, we reported an alveolar soft part sarcoma case occurred in a 64 year old male patient with the complaint of a slowly growing mass on his right glutea. The operation specimen was a poorly circumscribed soft tissue and cut section was gray-white with areas of hemorrhage and nescrosis. On light microscopic investigation, the histological picture reminiscent of alveolar soft part sarcoma with celslular tumoral lesion in an organoid patern, and malignant melanoma like morphology somewhere in the tumor were observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed posistivity with vimentin, S-100, EMA, Pankeratin and CD68, but negativity with HMB 45, Melan A, CD 10, sinaptofisin and chromogranin A in the tumor cells. Although immunoshistochemical findings were not specific, the histopathoslogical picture was appropriate for the diagnosis. In conclusion, despite the relatively slow growth, the ultismate prognosis is poor so it is very important to recognize this malign lesion with an unexpected clinical presentation and distinct immunohistomorphological features exist.