Ayyaru Gopalakrishnan

The case report on cutaneous myxoma or invasive myxomatosis in Blackfin sea catfish ( Arius jella Day, 1877)

The presence of cutaneous myxoma is reported in a Blackfin sea catfish (Arius jella) from Vellar estuary, Parangipettai, southeast coast of India. The gross morphology revealed fleshy with gelatinous distended tumourous growths on both sides of the fish attached to the caudal peduncle region. Tumour overlying the epidermis was ulcerated, hyperemic and hyperchromatic. Histologically, the tumourous growth was characterized by bland spindloid cells embedded in an abundant myxoid extracellular matrix. The tumour masses were present within the dermis and covered with a thin attenuated layer of epidermis. Neoplastic cells were histochemically positive for alcian blue, argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions, Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue and negative for Oil Red O. On the basis of the histological and histochemical findings, this tumour was diagnosed as cutaneous myxoma or invasive myxomatosis.

Prevalance and pathology of gastric tumours in Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) from Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India

Objective: To carry out the survey of prevalence of gastric tumour in Sardinella longiceps of Parangipettai coastal waters, south east coast of India for a period of one year. Methods: Fish samples were directly collected from fishermen and also from auction yard. The prevalence of gastric tumour, gross pathology, radiography, histopathology, morphometric and meristic characters were investigated. Results: A total of 31 stomach tumour infected individuals were collected during the study period. The gross morphology showed distended abdomen and the radiograph exhibited enlargement of stomach. Autopsy of the infected fish exhibited reddish multilobed tumourous growth on the stomach. Histologically, the tumour lesions were characterized by the differential rate of glandular epitheloid and mesenchymal cells, polymorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic activity. No evidence of local invasion and distinct metastases were observed in these cases. Conclusions: The tumours were diagnosed as gastric adenoma, myofibroblastoma, lipoma and fibrosarcoma. Among them myofibroblastoma is highly prevalent.

Occurrence of heavy copepod infestation on Hemiramphus lutkei and double parasitisms on Hemiramphus far with copepod (Lernaeenicus hemiramphi) and isopod (Mothocya plagulophora)

In the present study about, 66 copepod parasites of Lernaeenicus hemiramphi of two Hemiramphus sp., H. far (17 copepod) and H. lutkei (49 copepod), and an isopod (Mothocya plagulophora) on the gill chamber were observed. H. lutkei was added as a new host for L. hemiramphi. The copepod infestation was almost on the ventral side of the hosts.

The genus Lernaeenicus Lesueur (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae) in India: a checklist with notes on its taxonomy and ecology

Members of the pennellid genus Lernaeenicus Lesueur, 1824 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) have frequently been recorded from commercially important fishes collected along the coasts of India. Marine fish hosts from landing centres at Nagapattinam and Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India, were examined for parasitic copepods between January 2011 and December 2013. A total of nine species including three unidentified species of Lernaeenicus were recorded: (1) L. alatus Rangnekar, 1962 from the Indo-Pacific king mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), (2) L. anchoviellae Sebastian & George, 1964 from the golden trevally Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775), (3) L. hemirhamphi Kirtisinghe, 1932 from the blue-barred halfbeak Hemiramphus far (Forsskål, 1775), Lutkes halfbeak H. lutkei Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a and the ribbon halfbeak Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823b), (4) L. polynemi Bassett-Smith, 1898 from the fourfinger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804), (5) L. seeri Kirtisinghe, 1934 from the wahoo Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832), (6) L. stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1953 from the black pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795), (7) Lernaeenicus sp. 1 from the Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823a) and the rainbow sardine Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b, (8) Lernaeenicus sp. 2 from the goldspot mullet Chelon parsia (Hamilton, 1822), and (9) Lernaeenicus sp. 3 from the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Four pennellid species (L. hemirhamphi, L. polynemi, L. seeri and L. stromatei) were studied for their seasonal occurrence including prevalence and mean intensity, both of which were high in postmonsoon (2011) and low in premonsoon (2013) seasons. A checklist is provided for the Indian species of Lernaeenicus.

Neoplasia in flat head grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciforms: Mugilidae): two case reports of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma and leiomyoma

The presence of cutaneous neoplasms is reported in two cases of wild female grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from Pazhayar and Parangipettai fish landing centre, southeast coast of India. A gross morphological examination case 1 revealed obvious reddish white, solitary and fleshy appearance of tumour located on behind the right-side of the anal fin, and the overlying epidermis was ulcerated, hyperemic and hyperchromatic. The tumour had a gelatinous consistency and released jelly-like matters. The tumour-affected case 2 revealed well-circumscribed, solitary and reddish fleshy appearance of tumour located on the left-side of the deep margin of the flank, the lesion covered with whitish-grey thin epidermal layer. Histolopathologically, the (case 1) tumour growth had distinct simulate bizarre tumour cells embedded in myxoid matrix with inflammatory infiltrates. The (case 2) tumour lesion showed interlacing bundles of spindled to elongated tumour cells with cigar-shaped nuclei. On the basis of the clinical and histolopathological findings, these tumours are diagnosed as myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma and leiomyoma.

Loose Shell Syndrome (LSS) in Litopenaeus vannamei grow-out Ponds and its Effect on Growth and Production

Loose shell syndrome is a chronic disease in shrimp industries, in the present study, two different L. vannamei grow-out ponds (normal and LSS infected ponds) were selected to study their water quality parameters. Average Body Weight (ABW) and Daily Growth Rate (DGR) in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The results of the present study showed, there was no much variation in water quality parameters between both the ponds except pH. The daily growth rate and average body weight was higher in the normal pond than LSS infected one. The maximum LSS prevalence was reached up to 20%. The infected shrimps became sluggish and negative allometric growth. The results of present study revealed that the LSS infected shrimps showed lower production in the grow-out pond.

Anticoagulant activity of marine bivalve Donax incarnates Lin, 1758 Collected from Thazhanguda, Southeast coast of India

Abstract Objective Molluscs are highly delicious seafood and they are also very good source for biomedically imported products. Among the molluscs some have pronounced pharmacological activities or other properties which are useful in biomedical area. Methods In the present study GAGs was isolated from the bivalve such as Donax incarnates . Results The isolated GAGs were quantified in crude samples and they were estimated as 6.84 gm/kg crude GAGs in Donax incarnates . The bivalve showed the anticoagulant activity of the crude samples 124.53 USP units/mg in Donax incarnates . FTIR analysis reveals the presence of anticoagulant substance signals at different ranges. Conclusions The determined in this research show that gastropod Donax incarnates tissue is value medicinal due to high quality of anticoagulant compounds.

Mandibular Odontogenic Fibrosarcoma in Pickhandle Barracuda (Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829)

The spontaneous occurrence of mandibular odontogenic fibrosarcoma is reported in pickhandle barracuda (Sphyraena jello) from Parangipettai fish landing centre, southeast coast of India. The gross morphology revealed reddish-white, fleshy distended tumours in and around the intraoral bone musculature. The necropsy examination showed no gross evidence of local invasion and distant metastasis into visceral organs. Histopathologically, tumours were characterized by abundant hyperplastic small spindle cells arranged into well-defined interwoven bundles. The spindle cells presented scant fibrillar cytoplasm, and oval to elongated hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei. The ultrastructure of mandibular lesions was composed of differentiated fibroblasts with nuclei enveloped by a thin rim of cytoplasm with denser heterochromatin and lighter euchromatin. Mitotic figures were seen in high numbers of cells, telophase of the karyokinesis was observed. No virus particles were observed in the examined lesions. Based on the histological and ultra-structural findings, this tumour was diagnosed as mandibular odontogenic fibrosarcoma in S. jello.

Neoplasia in goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)

Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, C. Mutlur, Tamilnadu, India Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, Grenada

Spontaneous white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal 1775) fattening pens farm of south east coast of India

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious diseases in the shrimp and crab farm. This virus disseminates very quickly and causes high mortality in culture pond, accompanied by great economic losses. Recently, high mortality of WSSV-infected mud crabs collected from M.G.R. Thittu, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, south east coast of India during 2015 and 2016. A total of 283 samples collected from pens fattening ponds were tested for the presence of WSSV. Of these, a prevalence of 32.5% WSSV-infected mud crabs showed. Hence, the present study was carried to understand the reason for the mortality. Our examinations of crab mortality confirmed the possible infestation of white spot syndrome virus. The classical symptoms of white spot virus infections like white spots in the inner carapace and histopathological changes on gills like eosinophilic inclusion bodies and basophilic Cowdry type “A” inclusion bodies have been observed. Also, our examinations confirmed the infestation through molecular diagnosis and TEM visualization of hypertrophied cells with massive viral particles in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected gills. In the experimental work, the fastest mortality was observed in the ingestion then in the waterborne mode of infection. The waterborne mode caused the 40% mortality on 90th days. The ingestion mode caused the 100% mortality on 90th days.