Azam Mayabadi

Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide Thin Films Prepared with High Deposition Rate by Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Method

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of hydrogenated silicon carbide (SiC:H) films, deposited from silane (SiH4) and methane (CH4) gas mixture by HW-CVD method, were investigated. Film properties are carefully and systematically studied as function of deposition pressure which is varied between 200 mTorr and 500 mTorr. The deposition rate is found to be reasonably high (9.4 nm/s 15.54 nm/s). Formation of SiC:H films is confirmed by FTIR, Raman, and XPS analysis. XRD and Raman analysis revealed that with increasing deposition pressure amorphization occurs in SiC:H films. FTIR spectroscopy analysis shows that bond density of C–H decreases while Si–C and Si–H bond densities increase with increasing deposition pressure. Total hydrogen content increases with increasing deposition pressure and was found to be <20 at.%. The absence of band ~1300–1600 cm−1 in the Raman spectra implies negligible C–C bond concentration and formation of nearly stoichiometric SiC:H films. The band gap shows increasing trend with increasing deposition pressure. The high value of Urbach energy suggests increased structural disorder in SiC:H films. Finally, it has been concluded that CH4 can be used as effective carbon source in HW-CVD method to prepare stoichiometric SiC:H films.

Highly conducting phosphorous doped n-type nc-Si:H films by HW-CVD for c-Si heterojunction solar cells

Phosphorous doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) films were prepared using the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) method at a low substrate temperature of 200 °C. The microstructure and opto-electrical properties of these films were systematically studied using Raman spectroscopy, low angle XRD, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dark conductivity and its activation energy measurements and Hall measurement as a function of PH3 gas-phase ratio. It has been found that with an increase in the PH3 gas-phase ratio, both the volume fraction of the crystallites and its size decrease, signifying that the phosphorous atom favors the growth of amorphization in the nanocrystalline Si network. At the optimized PH3 gas-phase ratio we have obtained n-type nc-Si:H films with a band gap of ∼1.84 eV, high dark conductivity (∼6.78 S cm−1) with low hydrogen content (∼1.72 at. %), at a reasonably high deposition rate (∼10 A s−1). Finally, Al/ZnO:Al/n-nc-Si:H/buffer a-Si:H/p-c-Si/Al heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using the optimized n-layer, showing excellent photovoltaic performance with Voc = 719 mV, Jsc = 9.94 mA cm−2, FF = 53.8%, and an energy conversion efficiency of 5.2%. These are very encouraging results for the future fabrication of high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells and thin film tandem solar cells.

Synthesis of Cubic Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide (3C-SiC) Films by HW-CVD Method

Cubic nanocrystalline silicon carbide (3C-SiC) films have been deposited by using the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) method at a low substrate temperature and at high deposition rate. Structural, optical and electrical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of H2 dilution ratio. The formation of 3C-SiC films has been confirmed from low angle XRD analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dark and photoconductivity measurements. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed that the bond densities of Si-H and C-H decrease while that of Si-C increases with increase in the H2 dilution ratio. The total hydrogen content decreases with increase in H2 dilution ratio and was found < 15 at. % over the entire range of H2 dilution ratio studied whereas the band gap show an increasing trend with increase in the H2 dilution ratio.

Synthesis of nanocrystalline silicon carbide thin films by HW-CVD using ethane carbon precursor for photo detector application

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon carbide (nc-SiC:H) films were prepared by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) method using ethane (C2H6) as a carbon precursor. The influence of deposition pressure on structural and optical properties was investigated. The formation of nc-SiC:H films was confirmed by low angle x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. An inverse relation between deposition pressure and deposition rate was observed. Optical band gap values, ETauc and E04 increases with increase in deposition pressure. In fact, optical band gap values estimated from E04 method was found higher than the ETauc values calculated from Taucs plot. Finally, at optimized deposition pressure (450 mTorr), a photo detector having configuration glass/nc-SiC:H/Al have been fabricated and its photo response was studied. Further study is required to improve the quality of nc-SiC:H films to make use in photo detectors.

Effect of Annealing on Optical and Structural Properties of Rutile TiO2 Nanoarrays

One dimensional rutile-TiO2 nanoneedles (NNs) and nanorods (NRs) were grown directly on transparent conductive Fluorine-doped SnO2-coated (FTO) glass substrates using Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. Titanium (III) chloride was used as the precursor, followed by annealing at 200°C. The heat treatment leads to the conversion of TiO2 nanoneedles into nanorods. Optical studies revealed that rutile-TiO2 thin films have a high absorption coefficient and a direct bandgap which decreased slightly (3.14-3.09 eV) by applying heat treatment .The ease of deposition of rutile-TiO2 nanocomposite with different morphologies at low temperature provides a new insight for potential applications in solar cells, sensors, catalysis and separation technology.

Structural, electrical and photoelectrochemical properties of calcined SnO 2 /TiO 2 nanocomposite films for solar cell applications

In present work, one dimensional rutile-TiO2 nanoarrays were grown directly on transparent conductive Fluorine-doped SnO2-coated (FTO) glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using Titanium (III) chloride as the precursor, followed by calcination. The heat treatment leads to the considerable changes in structural, optical and electrical properties of nanostructure synthesized materials. The simplicity of deposition of rutile-TiO2 nanoarrays at low temperature provides a new insight for potential applications in solar cells, sensors, catalysis and separation technology.

High growth rate of a-SiC:H films using ethane carbon source by HW-CVD method

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films were prepared using pure silane (SiH4) and ethane (C2H6), a novel carbon source, without hydrogen dilution using hot wire chemical vapour deposition (HW-CVD) method at low substrate temperature (200 °C) and at reasonably higher deposition rate (19·5 Å/s < rd < 3·2 Å/s). Formation of a-SiC:H films has been confirmed from FTIR, Raman and XPS analysis. Influence of deposition pressure on compositional, structural, optical and electrical properties has been investigated. FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed that there is decrease in C–H and Si–H bond densities while, Si–C bond density increases with increase in deposition pressure. Total hydrogen content drops from 22·6 to 14·4 at.% when deposition pressure is increased. Raman spectra show increase in structural disorder with increase in deposition pressure. It also confirms the formation of nearly stoichiometric a-SiC:H films. Bandgap calculated using both Tauc’s formulation and absorption at 104 cm−1 shows decreasing trend with increase in deposition pressure. Decrease in refractive index and increase in Urbach energy suggests increase in structural disorder and microvoid density in the films. Finally, it has been concluded that C2H6 can be used as an effective carbon source in HW-CVD method to prepare stoichiometric a-SiC:H films.