Azianti Ismail

Research trends in automotive functional safety

In recent years, most of the modern automobiles are equipped with embedded electronic systems which include lots of Electronic Controller Units (ECUs), electronic sensors, signals, bus systems and coding. Due to the complex application in electrical, electronics and programmable electronics, it is necessary to analyze the potential risk of malfunction for automotive systems. IEC 61508 has become a foundation for international standard of safety-related system such as airborne systems, railway, nuclear power plants, medical equipment, energy and process systems, machinery, furnaces and automobiles. The failure of such system could have significant impact on the safety of humans and/or the environment. Thus, ISO 26262 has been introduced in November, 2011 for automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) systems which emphasizing the complete safety installation from sensor to actuator with its technical as well as management issues. In this paper, the international trends pre and post introduction of ISO 26262 is analyzed, and the potential development direction in this area is discussed.

Method of determining acceleration factors for agricultural tractors

Acceleration factor (AF) is important to determine the proper test time for accelerated life test (ALT). This paper presents the method for determining AF to be used in ALT through duty analysis together with usage profile and field failure data. Usage profile is obtained through surveys from farmers using questionnaires, interviews and field visits. Field failure data is gathered from authorized service centers around South Korea. A case study of tractor transmission is shown with the proposed method.

Effect of Pack Boronizing on Microstructure and Microhardness of 304 Stainless Steel

The implementation of boronizing in low alloy steel had been implemented tremendously in past years as this method offers excellent surface protection that led to enhancement of hardness and wear of the material. In conjunction to that, few parameters had been recognized as the factor that promotes boron diffusion into the surface of the material which is the selection of boronizing temperature and time. This study concentrated on the effect of pack boronizing on the boride layer thickness of 304 stainless steel which contained high amount of alloying elements. The microstructural analysis and boron layer thickness was measured and observed using optical microscopy and SEM analyzer. The microhardness of the material was measured using Vickers microhardness tester. The results portrayed that boronizing successfully induced boronizing layer containing FeB and Fe2B phases with thickness of 15μm. This resulted in major improvement of the microhardness values with improvement of 5 times compared to non-boronized samples.

Manufacturing process improvement of M-type Sr-La-Co ferrite magnets

Abstract The new designed M-type Sr-La-Co sintered ferrite magnets for automotive alternator were processed via smelting, powdering, forming, sintering and tempering. Some of the magnets were found to be defective with the appearance of a micro-crack. In this paper, recommendations of manufacturing process improvement based on Design of Experiments (DoE) were made in order to avoid the appearance of mico-cracks in the magnet. Keywords: manufacturing process, M-type ferrite magnet, crack. 1 Introduction M-type Sr 0.7 La 0.3 Fe 11.7 Co 0.3 O 19 sintered ferrite magnets were designed and produced for automotive alternator. This type of magnets has outstanding magnetic performance owing to the substitution of La and Co [1–3]. However, the magnet failures generally emphasize the weak points in a design due to the brittleness and poor condition of magnets. The overall performance of the equipment would be badly affected if the magnet is defect. Recently, the magnet manufacturer is facing such a problem of micro-crack emergence in their magnets before the expiry of the warranty period. Due to the application in dynamic conditions, alternator and motor for instance, the new requirements for mechanical property of magnets has been proposed. Industry standard, such as GB/T 12796, specified mechanical and environmental requirements for magnets [4]. The manufactured magnets should be reliable enough to withstand the operating condition.

Reliability improvement of brake pads — Case study

Many varieties of techniques and tools are currently applied in effort to monitor and to improve the reliability of a product such as field failure data analysis, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Failure Tree Analysis (FTA). This case study demonstrates the significant of utilizing above tools and techniques in determining the current performance in term of reliability of the brake pads. This information is useful for the manufacturer to convince potential customers in this case which are international car makers to acquire the brake pads based on the reliability monitoring and improvement activities that have been practiced recently. The transition process of implementing these tools and techniques is considered new challenge for the manufacturer to promote their products marketability to international level.