Azza H. El-Medany

Effect of chronic exposure to diazinon on glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in pancreas of rats and the potential role of mesna in ameliorating this effect

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is characterized by upper gastrointestinal symptoms and of more than 15 or 20 eosinophils in the esophageal epithelium. Lack of awareness to EoE among some gastroenterologists made the disease under recognized. Patients with eosinophilia oesophagitis should be referred to both an allergist and gastroenterologist for optimal management, which may include dietary modifications, pharmacologic agents, ingested fluticasone and its role in EoE will be discussed in this study. This study was conducted at faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, internal medicine, tropical medicine department, and gastroenterology and endoscopy unit. The study was conducted on twenty patients who were complaining from recurrent dysphagia and done upper GIT endoscopy and diagnosed histopathologically as E0E. The 20 patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 10) or swallowed fluticasone (n = 10). Patients received two puffs four times a day, with 200 micrograms per puff. Treatment lasted four weeks and follow up extended up to 8 months. The fluticasone was delivered via a metered-dose inhaler without the spacer. After 4 weeks treatment, Clinical symptoms and histological changes were evaluated. Histologic improvement in the form of full histological remission was seen in seven patients in the fluticasone group compared with one patient who achieved remission in the placebo group. In conclusion, the study highlights the problems of diagnosis and lack of awareness and understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. The use of ingested fluticasone showed improvement of symptoms, and histological pattern.H B virus (HBV) infection is a global epidemic with estimated mortality 0.5-1.2 million deaths a year. Long-term goal of treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is to reduce cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultimately improve survival.The decision on initiating viral therapy can be complex because not all the patients with CHB derive significant clinical benefits from current medical therapies. Elevated HBV DNA level is a strong independent risk predictor of liver-related disease outcomes. Up to date, many studies have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes with successful viral suppression in CHB patients.Hepatic disease activity, assessed by histology and less accurately by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), is another major decision-making factor on initiating anti-viral therapy in patients with CHB. As in immune tolerance phase of CHB, characterized by high HBV DNA level, normal ALT, and no/minimal hepatic inflammation, disease progression is negligible.Treatment on these patients is therefore unlikely to alter long-term clinical outcomes. However, close monitoring of ALT level is highly recommended during immune tolerant phase astransition to immune clearance phase may occur. Anti-viral therapy is often required during immune clearance phase due to rapid disease progression.In patients with low HBV DNA and normal ALT, as seen in inactive carrier, medical therapy is typically not beneficial in long-term out comes due to minimal risk of developing hepatic complications.Introduction: ESWL has become the preferred tool in the Urologist’s armamentarium for treatment of urinary calculi in appropriate cases because it is simple, effective and minimally invasive technique. Efficacy of ESWL besides other factors also depends on cooperation of the patient throughout the procedure. Several different techniques along with analgesic drugs have been used for ESWL procedure including general, regional and local anesthesia as well as monitored anesthesia care. The aim of our study was to compare safety and efficacy of performing ESWL under intravenous (IV) anesthesia as compared to local anesthesia.T Sonography of the Stomach & Duodenum can reveal following diseases. Gastritis & Duodenitis. Acid Gastritis. An Ulcer, whether it is superficial, deep with risk of impending perforation, Perforated, Sealed perforation, Chronic Ulcer & Post-Healing fibrosis & stricture. Polyps & Diverticulum. Benign intra-mural tumours. Intra-mural haematoma. Duodenal outlet obstruction due to Annular Pancreas. Gastro-Duodenal Ascariasis. Pancreatic or Biliary Stents. Foreign Body. Necrotizing GastroDuodenitis. Tuberculosis. Lesions of Ampulla of Vater like prolapsed, benign & infiltrating mass lesions. Neoplastic lesion is usually a segment involvement, & shows irregularly thickened, hypoechoic & aperistaltic wall with loss of normal layering pattern. It is usually a solitary stricture & has eccentric irregular luminal narrowing. It shows loss of normal Gut Signature. Enlargement of the involved segment seen. Shouldering effect at the ends of stricture is most common feature. Enlarged lymphnodes around may be seen. Primary arising from wall itself & secondary are invasion from peri-Ampullary malignancy or distant metastasis. All these cases are compared & proved with gold standards like surgery & endoscopy.

Green tea extract: Its potential protective effect on bleomycin induced lung injuries in rats

I the present study an effective high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometric (LCMS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Escitalopram (ESC) and Etizolam (ETZ) in spiked human plasma. This is the first reporting method for this combination in human plasma. Risperidone is used as internal standard. Liquidliquid extraction (LLE) method was adopted for the extraction of analytes from human plasma. Chromatographic separation was attained on a waters symmetry shield, C18 (4.6 mm id x 50 mm) analytical column using acetonitrile-solvent A 1% formic acidsolvent B (80:20, v/v) with a flow rate of 600 μl/min. The MS/MS experiment was performed in positive ion multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) to obtain the product ion m/z 325.15–108.99 for ESC, m/z 343.2–138.1 for ETZ and m/z 411.40– 191.30 for internal standard. The obtained calibration curve was linear over the range of 5 – 2000 ng/ml for both the analytes with r2 value more than 0.98 for both analytes. The developed method was shown excellent intra and inerday accuracy (% nominal 98 – 102%), precision (% CV ≤4.5%), matrix effect (Is normalized matrix factor ≤ 8.55), selectivity (% interference = 0) with an acceptable extraction recovery (92.75% 98.80%) and stability (% nominal 98.40 – 101.4%) of different types. Method validation was performed as per US FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method development and validation and undoubtedly this first reporting bioanalytical method can be use for the pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.S involvement is one of the most challenging conditions in psoriasis and is present in most patients with this disease. However, strangely enough, the mainstay of scalp psoriasis treatment has been focused only on suppression of inflammation without a serious attempt to moisturize scalp. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of skin dryness and the effect of emollients on scalp psoriasis. Parameters of surface hydration of lesional and normal-looking skin were assessed by electronic measurement of the capacitance, sebum content, and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) of 15 patients with scalp psoriasis and 15 individuals in a control group before and after two weeks of moisturizing therapy. Psoriatic lesions on the scalp showed a lower degree of hydration than lesions in other parts of the body. Compared with uninvolved scalp skin, lesions on the scalp showed lower capacitance, decreased sebum, and higher TEWL. Interestingly, uninvolved scalp skin of psoriatic patients exhibited decreased capacitance, decreased sebum level, and increased TEWL compared with the skin of the control group. After 2 weeks of moisturizing therapy, a significant improvement in hydration status was noticed in scalp lesions of psoriasis patients. The psoriatic scalp is much drier than the psoriatic skin of other parts of the body. Even in uninvolved areas, the scalp skin of these patients exhibited a lower degree of hydration. Complementary moisturizing therapy for the whole scalp, including uninvolved skin, is mandatory to restore impaired skin barrier functions and prevent further aggravation by untoward influence of topical steroids.Aim: Our research is aimed at investigating medicinal plants for their bioactive compounds. We recently evaluated the in vitro anticancer activity of a Nigeria medicinal plant Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L. Webster. The aim of this current study is to investigate crude extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg. for their anti-malarial activities and identification of potential bioactive compounds.1. School of pharmaceutical sciences , Jaipur National university. 2. Asso. Professor, school of pharmaceutical sciences, Jaipur National University. 3. Professor, school of pharmaceutical sciences, Jaipur National University. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript HistoryT nature has very efficiently protected the human brain due to being one of the most delicate organs. The brain is protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Unfortunately, these protection mechanisms frustrate the therapeutic interventions by not allowing the drugs to enter the brain which in turn results in failure of a lot of active pharmaceutical agents in treating various brain disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and many more. Alzheimer’s disease represents the most common form of dementia worldwide, claimed to affect more than 35 million people. AD is the neurodegenerative progressive and irreversible disorder reported to affect 5% of Americans over age 65 and 20% over age 80. Considering the severity of the disease, pharmaceutical scientists are trying hard to overcome the brain barriers to get the required amount of drug delivered at the required site of action. Giving a hope, nanoparticles have shown a great promise in various such disorders. So the present monograph attempts to review the CNS barriers in context to Alzheimer’s disease and various brain-targeted drug delivery systems (novel colloidal carriers especially) along with their rational attempts not only to deliver but also to target drugs to their site of action.

Comparative Study between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Ulcerative Colitis Induced Experimentally in Rats

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is characterized by upper gastrointestinal symptoms and of more than 15 or 20 eosinophils in the esophageal epithelium. Lack of awareness to EoE among some gastroenterologists made the disease under recognized. Patients with eosinophilia oesophagitis should be referred to both an allergist and gastroenterologist for optimal management, which may include dietary modifications, pharmacologic agents, ingested fluticasone and its role in EoE will be discussed in this study. This study was conducted at faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, internal medicine, tropical medicine department, and gastroenterology and endoscopy unit. The study was conducted on twenty patients who were complaining from recurrent dysphagia and done upper GIT endoscopy and diagnosed histopathologically as E0E. The 20 patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 10) or swallowed fluticasone (n = 10). Patients received two puffs four times a day, with 200 micrograms per puff. Treatment lasted four weeks and follow up extended up to 8 months. The fluticasone was delivered via a metered-dose inhaler without the spacer. After 4 weeks treatment, Clinical symptoms and histological changes were evaluated. Histologic improvement in the form of full histological remission was seen in seven patients in the fluticasone group compared with one patient who achieved remission in the placebo group. In conclusion, the study highlights the problems of diagnosis and lack of awareness and understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. The use of ingested fluticasone showed improvement of symptoms, and histological pattern.H B virus (HBV) infection is a global epidemic with estimated mortality 0.5-1.2 million deaths a year. Long-term goal of treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is to reduce cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultimately improve survival.The decision on initiating viral therapy can be complex because not all the patients with CHB derive significant clinical benefits from current medical therapies. Elevated HBV DNA level is a strong independent risk predictor of liver-related disease outcomes. Up to date, many studies have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes with successful viral suppression in CHB patients.Hepatic disease activity, assessed by histology and less accurately by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), is another major decision-making factor on initiating anti-viral therapy in patients with CHB. As in immune tolerance phase of CHB, characterized by high HBV DNA level, normal ALT, and no/minimal hepatic inflammation, disease progression is negligible.Treatment on these patients is therefore unlikely to alter long-term clinical outcomes. However, close monitoring of ALT level is highly recommended during immune tolerant phase astransition to immune clearance phase may occur. Anti-viral therapy is often required during immune clearance phase due to rapid disease progression.In patients with low HBV DNA and normal ALT, as seen in inactive carrier, medical therapy is typically not beneficial in long-term out comes due to minimal risk of developing hepatic complications.Introduction: ESWL has become the preferred tool in the Urologist’s armamentarium for treatment of urinary calculi in appropriate cases because it is simple, effective and minimally invasive technique. Efficacy of ESWL besides other factors also depends on cooperation of the patient throughout the procedure. Several different techniques along with analgesic drugs have been used for ESWL procedure including general, regional and local anesthesia as well as monitored anesthesia care. The aim of our study was to compare safety and efficacy of performing ESWL under intravenous (IV) anesthesia as compared to local anesthesia.T Sonography of the Stomach & Duodenum can reveal following diseases. Gastritis & Duodenitis. Acid Gastritis. An Ulcer, whether it is superficial, deep with risk of impending perforation, Perforated, Sealed perforation, Chronic Ulcer & Post-Healing fibrosis & stricture. Polyps & Diverticulum. Benign intra-mural tumours. Intra-mural haematoma. Duodenal outlet obstruction due to Annular Pancreas. Gastro-Duodenal Ascariasis. Pancreatic or Biliary Stents. Foreign Body. Necrotizing GastroDuodenitis. Tuberculosis. Lesions of Ampulla of Vater like prolapsed, benign & infiltrating mass lesions. Neoplastic lesion is usually a segment involvement, & shows irregularly thickened, hypoechoic & aperistaltic wall with loss of normal layering pattern. It is usually a solitary stricture & has eccentric irregular luminal narrowing. It shows loss of normal Gut Signature. Enlargement of the involved segment seen. Shouldering effect at the ends of stricture is most common feature. Enlarged lymphnodes around may be seen. Primary arising from wall itself & secondary are invasion from peri-Ampullary malignancy or distant metastasis. All these cases are compared & proved with gold standards like surgery & endoscopy.