B Delvaux

Potassium exchange behaviour in Carribean volcanic ash soils under banana cultivation

Ca−K exchange isotherms of samples from carribean (Martinique island) volcanic soils differing in the weathering stage and in the nature of cation-exchange material were studied. Allophanic soils high in organic matter (Troporthents, Hydrandepts) exhibit a low selectivity for K-ions. Potassium is adsorbed specifically in the halloysitic soils (Humitropepts). A positive relationship exists between the affinity for K+ and the halloysite content. This relation is most likely due to the close association of 1∶1 hydrated phyllosilicates with 2∶1 smectitic clay minerals. A lower selectivity for K was observed in the kaolinitic soil materials (Dystropepts). Because parent rocks are very low in K, these exchange properties strongly influence their K status, through differences in susceptibility to K leaching losses and K availability to banana plants in intensive cropping systems.