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Featured researches published by B. G. Kremser.


Ophthalmologica | 1999

Retinal Thickness Analysis in Subjects with Different Refractive Conditions

B. G. Kremser; Josef Troger; Mehmet Baltaci; M. Kralinger; G. Kieselbach

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate a measure of retinal thinning at the posterior pole in eyes with increasing axial myopia. Methods: 129 eyes of 79 healthy persons with different refractive conditions were examined using a commercially available prototype of retinal thickness analyzer. Results: Increasing myopia has been found to be accompanied by bulbus elongation, and calculation of the values obtained with the instrument revealed a significant decrease in retinal thickness at the posterior pole in eyes with increasing axial myopia, i.e. 4.8 μm/spherical equivalent in the foveolar region and 6.6 μm/spherical equivalent in the other areas of the posterior pole. Conclusion: Our data show retinal thinning at the posterior pole in myopic eyes based for the very first time on in vivo measurements. Furthermore, our findings might influence measurement data for other purposes, if the degree of myopia is not taken into account.


Brain Research | 1999

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in the rat trigeminal ganglion

Josef Troger; Christian Humpel; B. G. Kremser; M. Kralinger; Barbara Teuchner; Christian Kunze; Wolfgang Philipp; G. Kieselbach

Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) constitute the main sensory peptides in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The objective of this study was to characterize peptidergic changes in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat model both quantitatively and qualitatively. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and the levels of SP and CGRP were measured by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) in a time-dependent manner. Peptide immunoreactivities were characterized by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of both neuropeptides was examined 5 weeks after streptozotocin injection using in situ hybridization with 35S-labelled oligonucleotides. Saline-injected rats served as controls. SP was significantly decreased in the diabetic rat TG, i.e. , a 44.6% (+/-10.9) decrease after 1 week, 40.2% (+/-11.8) after 3 weeks and 72.3% (+/-14.6) after 5 weeks. CGRP was decreased only after 5 weeks (19.6% decrease +/-3.9), whereas at later stages, both peptide levels returned to normal values. HPLC revealed one major peak coeluting with the synthetic peptides. By using in situ hybridization, a significantly increased signal of both peptide-encoding mRNAs was found (43.8%), which seems to act to restore a diabetes-associated depletion of neuropeptides in the diabetic rat TG. The decreased SP- and CGRP levels in the diabetic rat TG reflect a diabetes-associated deficit which may be clinically relevant. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a variety of ocular complications, even corneal complications, including decreased corneal sensitivity, which in many ways resemble those after interruption of the normal trophic innervation of the eye. Our results point to reduced availability of neuropeptides for corneal innervation and may thus support the idea of a partial loss of trophic influences from the trigeminal nerve in diabetics.


Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | 2000

Elevated levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide in aqueous humor of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Josef Troger; B. G. Kremser; T. Stöckl; M. Kralinger; Eduard Schmid; C. Kunze; G. Kieselbach

Abstract Purpose: To detect the levels of the sensory peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in aqueous humor of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and to compare them with those of uninflamed eyes (cataract and uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment). Materials and methods: Using a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay the concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide was detected in fresh samples of aqueous humor obtained via paracentesis. Furthermore, calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivities were characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results: The mean level of calcitonin gene-related peptide was 6.11 fmol/ml in cataract controls and 14.77 fmol/ml in uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In the cataract group, 9 of 18 cases were below the detection limit and in the retinal detachment group, 5 of 16. In proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the peptide averaged 76.92 fmol/ml and none of the samples was below the detection limit. High-pressure liquid chromatography revealed one major peak corresponding to synthetic calcitonin gene-related peptide. Conclusion: In recent studies, we found elevated levels of the sensory peptide substance P in aqueous humor of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. This fact and the present result, the elevation of calcitonin gene-related peptide in aqueous humor of eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, clearly point to an involvement of sensory peptides in the pathobiology of the disease. The source of the elevation is not clear, but we hypothesize that it originates from a neurogenic mechanism, i.e. an acceleration of the peptides by their enhanced release from the iris/ciliary body complex subsequent to sensitization of sensory neurons, thus representing a very interesting epiphenomenon of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Our results constitute novel aspects in the pathophysiological concept of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and extend the knowledge about the pathobiology of the disease process.


Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | 1998

Substance P in proliferative vitreoretinopathy : the significance of aqueous humor levels for evolution of the disease

Josef Troger; B. G. Kremser; Eveline U. Irschick; Wolfgang Göttinger; G. Kieselbach

Abstract · Purpose: We detected aqueous humor levels of substance P in patients with various grades of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. To evaluate the significance of the concentration of substance P at the time of surgery for retinal detachment for subsequent development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the latter patients also underwent fundoscopic control examination. · Methods: Using a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay, the content of substance P in fresh samples of aqueous humor obtained by paracentesis was determined both in cataract controls and in patients with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and with various grades of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Retinal detachment patients underwent fundoscopic control examination 6 months after surgical reattachment. · Results: The mean concentration of substance P in cataract controls was 40.3 (+22.4) fmol/mg protein, in the retinal detachment group 61.9 (±13.9) fmol/mg protein and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy 335.2 (±24.8) fmol/mg protein, but no correlation between levels of the peptide and various grades of the disease was observed. Already at surgery for retinal detachment three in four patients who developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy presented with levels of substance P in the range of the disease. · Conclusion: The concentration of substance P in aqueous humor is significantly high in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy in whom surgery is indicated. Furthermore, elevation of the peptide in retinal detachment that originates most obviously from a neurogenic mechanism may indicate initiation of processes associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, thus representing an indicator of significant risk for evolution of the disease at a very early time.


Spektrum Der Augenheilkunde | 2009

Submakuläre Blutung bei AMD

M. Simonazzi; Eduard Schmid; B. G. Kremser; G. Kieselbach; Martina Theresa Kralinger

SummaryBACKGROUND: Submacular haemorrhage is a common complication of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal injection of rt-PA, followed by perfluoropropane gas endotamponade in submacular haemorrhage as a complication of ARMD. DESIGN: Consecutive, noncomparative, interventional case series. PATIENTS: In the study, 28 consecutive eyes of 28 patients with recent submacular haemorrhage secondary to ARMD were included. METHODS: The procedure consisted of a pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection (10–30 µg), followed by perfluoropropane gas endotamponade. RESULTS: Best postoperative visual acuity compared with preoperativ visual acuity was improved by two or more Snellen lines in 17 of 28 eyes (61%), (p < 0,01). Eleven eyes (39%) showed a best postoperativ visual acuity of 20/200 and higher. Eleven eyes (39%) maintained the level of improvement by two ore more Snellen lines at the final visit. Patient follow-up ranged between 6 and 35 months (mean 14.5 months). There were no intraoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that submacular injections of rt-PA and perfluorpropane can increase or stabilise the visual acuity. Final visual outcome, however, is limited by the underlying ARMD.ZusammenfassungHINTERGRUND: Submakuläre Blutungen stellen eine Komplikation choroidaler Neovaskularisationen bei altersbezogener Makuladegeneration (AMD) dar. Wir untersuchten den therapeutischen Effekt, einer kombinierten subretinalen Injektion von rekombinantem Gewebsplasminogenaktivator (rt-PA) und Gas, bezogen auf den Visusverlauf des Patienten bei subretinaler Blutung im Rahmen einer AMD. STUDIENDESIGN: Konsekutive, nichtrandomisierte Interventionsstudie. PATIENTEN: In die Studie wurden 28 Augen von 28 Patienten mit akuter submakulärer Blutung, in Folge einer altersbedingten Makuladegeneration, eingeschlossen. METHODEN: Die Therapie bestand aus einer Pars plana Vitrektomie mit anschließender subretinaler Injektion von rt-PA (10–30 µg), gefolgt von einer Netzhauttamponade mit Perfluorpropan. ERGEBNISSE: Bei 17 von 28 Augen (61%) konnte eine maximale Verbesserung der zentralen Sehschärfe von zwei oder mehr Visusstufen erreicht werden (p < 0,01). Von diesen erreichten 11 Augen (39%) einen besten Visus von 0,1 und größer. Am Ende der Nachbeobachtungszeit lag der Anteil, der Patienten mit einer Visussteigerung von zwei oder mehr Stufen, bei 39% (11 Patienten). Die Nachbeobachtungszeit lag zwischen 6 und 35 Monaten (Mittel: 14,5 Monate). Es wurden keine intraoperativen Komplikationen festgestellt. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich durch die subretinale Injektion von rt-PA und Gastamponade ein positiver therapeutischer Effekt, im Sinne einer Visusverbesserung bzw. Visusstabilisierung erzielen lässt. Den ausschlaggebenden Faktor für den weiteren Visusverlauf stellt jedoch die zugrunde liegende AMD dar.


Ophthalmologica | 1996

Grid Pattern Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema – Long-Term Visual Results

B. G. Kremser; C. Kunze; Josef Troger; H. Ulmer; G.K. Kieselbach

The authors reviewed the data of 226 eyes in 124 patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema treated by grid pattern photocoagulation from 1986 to 1994 at the Ophthalmological Clinic of Innsbruck University Hospital. On the basis of baseline visual acuity (VA), eyes were classified in four groups: group 1 = VA < 0.1; group 2 = VA 0.1-0.2; group 3 = VA > 0.2-0.5; group 4 = VA > 0.5. The development of VA from the baseline examination until the last checkup in treated eyes is reported. This classification showed a better visual outcome after photocoagulation in eyes with a decreased VA at baseline (groups 1, 2) compared with eyes with a good initial VA (groups 3, 4). The difference in visual outcome between the second and third groups as well as between the third and fourth groups was statistically significant (p < or = 0.001). A correlation of initial VA with visual outcome after treatment was demonstrated (R = -0.558; p = 0.0001). Clinical conclusions of these results are discussed.


Spektrum Der Augenheilkunde | 1997

Langzeitergebnisse nach Extraktion subretinaler Gefäßneubildungen

G. Kieselbach; Josef Troger; Eveline U. Irschick; B. G. Kremser

ZusammenfassungIm Zeitraum April 1992 bis Januar 1996 wurden 25 Augen wegen subretinalen bzw. submakulären Blutungen mit und ohne choroidalen Neovaskularisationen (CNV) vitrektomiert und die Veränderungen über eine Retinotomie entfernt. In 5 von 25 Fällen handelte es sich um eine traumatische Blutung, die aufgrund der Methodik mit einbezogen wurde. Das durchschnittliche Alter der 20 Patienten mit CNV war 63,5 Jahre, das der traumatischen Fälle 48,2 Jahre.In allen Fällen wurde nach vollständiger Vitrektomie eine Retinotomie durchgeführt, um die subretinalen Verän-derungen zu entfernen. Diese Öffnung lag ausschließlich über 600μ von der Macula entfernt und wurde in 15 von 25 Fällen mittels Laser umstellt. Abschließend wurde ein Wasser/Luftaustausch vorgenommen.Ein deutlicher Visusanstieg (ETDRS -chart) war nach einem Beobachtungszeitraum von durchschnittlich 12 Monaten in nur 7 Fällen zu beobachten. Eine Stabilisierung mit Reduktion des Zentralskotoms in 12 Augen und eine Visus-Reduktion in 6 Augen.Als Komplikation trat in einem Fall eine PVR-Ablatio auf und in 2 weiteren Fällen mußte eine Kataraktextraktion angeschlossen werden.Unsere Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß bei submakulären Blutungen — unabhängig vom Alter — eine Verbesserung der Sehleistung (Visus und Gesichtsfeld) erreichbar ist, hingegen eine CNV bei AMD ohne Blutung nur bedingt eine Indikation zur Extraktion ist.SummaryBetween April 92 and January 97 25 eyes with subretinal hemorrhage and choroidal neovascularisation were vitrectomised. All subretinal membranes were removed. 5 eyes out of 25 had traumatic subretinal bleeding. 20 patients suffering from CNV had a mean-age 63.5.After removal of vitreous a retinotomy was performed. Throughout this hole hemorrhage and CNV was extracted. 15 from 25 retinotomies were treated with laser coagulation. All eyes were filled with air at the end of the procedure.An increase of visual acuity (VA) after a mean-observation period (of 12 months) was seen in 7 eyes. 12 eyes were stable by simultaneous reduction of the central skotoma. 6 eyes showed decreased vision after surgery. As worst complication one case of retinal detachment was treated successfully. The results suggest that removal of subretinal neovascularisation is successfull only in eyes with spontaneous hemorrhage.


Spektrum Der Augenheilkunde | 2000

Transskierale Diodenlaserkoagulation bei konventioneller Ablatiochirurgie

G. Kieselbach; Martina Theresa Kralinger; B. G. Kremser; Josef Troger

ZusammenfassungDie Kryokoagulation von Netzhautforamina kann zur Ausstreuung von retinalem Pigmentepithel führen, was die proliferative Vitreoretinopathie (PVR) stimulieren kann. In einer konsekutiven Reihe von 15 Augen von insgesamt 15 Patienten mit Netzhautablösungen < als 3 Quadranten ohne PVR wurde eine transsklerale Diodenlaserkoagulation (TD) durchgeführt. In keinem Fall wurde eine Exodrainage angeschlossen, eine Silikonplombe diente als Tamponade des Foramens (in 3 Augen 2 Foramen), eine primäre Netzhautanlegung wurde in allen Fällen erreicht, eine proliferative Vitreoretinopathie wurde in keinem Fall beobachtet, als einzige Komplikation trat eine Verbrennung am Muskelrand des Musculus rectus temporalis auf. Durch eine Laserbehandlung entsteht eine sofortige Verbindung zwischen retinalem Pigmentepithel und Netzhaut, eine Ausschwemmung von Zellen wird verhindert, womit theoretisch das PVR-Risiko vermindert wird. Obwohl der Zeitaufwand für eine transsklerale Diodenlaserkoagulation größer als für eine Kryobehandlung ist, lassen unsere vorläufigen Ergebnisse diesen Aufwand als gerechtfertigt erscheinen.Summary15 patients (15 eyes) were treated with transscleral diode lasercoagulation for uncomplicated retinal detachment without signs of proliferative Vitreoretionpathy (PVR). Exodrainage was not necessary in any case. A silicone buckle was used to tamponade the retinal break. Permanent sealing of the break was achieved in all eyes. Follow up was overall one year. No serious adverse effect, exept one small burn in a muscle (M.r.inf.) was observed. Lasercoagulation can avoid dispersion of retinal pigment epithelial cells (one possible reason for PVR), which occurs normally in cryocoagulation of retinal breaks. Beside the fact that TD is more timeconsuming than cryocoagulation, it may eventually avoid PVR.


Spektrum Der Augenheilkunde | 1999

Dokumentation einer zentralen Netzhautablösung am Optical Cohaerenz Tomographen (OCT) und Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA)

B. G. Kremser; Josef Troger; Martina Theresa Kralinger; G. Kieselbach

ZusammenfassungMultiple Netzhautveränderungen im Bereich des hinteren Pols können mit Hilfe moderner diagnostischer Verfahren wie der Optical Cohaerenz Tomographie (OCT) und dem Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA) relativ einfach dokumentiert werden.Es wird über eine 22jährige myope Patientin berichtet, die nach einer operativ versorgten peripheren Ablatio retinae eine zentrale Restablatio entwickelt. Die Netzhautabhebung wird vor und nach der Vitrektomie mittels RTA und OCT dokumentiert.Neue Untersuchungstechniken zur Netzhautdickenmessung ermöglichen zusätzlich zur oberflächlichen Netzhautbetrachtung pseudohistologische strukturelle Netzhautspaltuntersuchungen. Aus diesem Grund sind prae- und postoperative Vergleiche, insbesondere bei Netzhautforamina, epiretinalen Gliosen, zentralen Netzhautablösungen und subretinalen Membranen äußerst interessant und rechtfertigen ihren Einsatz.SummaryVarious ophthalmological pathologies such as sub/intraretinal exudates or sub/epiretinal membranes easily can be demonstrated by retinal thickness measurement or optical coherence tomography.A young woman with high myopia causing a central retinal detachment is presented who was documented pre- and postoperatively by RTA and OCT.The efficiency of retinal surgery especially in retinal holes, epiretinal or subretinal membranes can be determined by pseudohistological measurements of the retina using RTA or OCT.


Spektrum Der Augenheilkunde | 1998

Diabetestherapie in der Praxis — Statistische Auswertung einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung

B. G. Kremser; Josef Troger; Eveline U. Irschick; G. Kieselbach

ZusammenfassungBei der 8. Innsbrucker Fortbildung für Augenärzte (IFA) 1996 wurde ein interaktives Kommunikationssystem eingesetzt, um die Meinung der Zuhörerschaft in den aktuellen Vortrag einbinden zu können und bei abschließenden Fallbeispielen die jeweiligen Therapieschemata der teilnehmenden Kollegen zu erfragen.Dazu wurden im Auditorium ferngesteuerte Befragungselemente (ähnlich einer TV-Fernbedienung) verteilt, wobei der Zuhörende zu speziellen Fragestellungen während des aktuellen Vortrages die jeweils für ihn zutreffende Antwort in den ferngesteuerten Sender eingeben konnte.Insgesamt ergab sich bei der Auswertung der Ergebnisse, daß im Bereich der Dokumentation diabetischer Augenveränderungen und bei der forensischen Absicherung vor Laserkoagulationen und invasiven diagnostischen Maßnahmen dringlicher Handlungsbedarf gegeben ist. Bei der Führung des Diabetikers aus ophthalmologischer Sicht und der Behandlung, insbesonders bei Photokoagulationen, werden nach statistischer Auswertung unserer Ergebnisse ebenfalls noch zu wenig die Ergebnisse großer multizentrischer Studien beachtet und in praxi übernommen.Insgesamt zeigt sich aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse, daß weitere Fortbildungsveranstaltungen in der Thematik Diabetes mellitus auch in Zukunft ihre Rechtfertigung haben.SummaryAt the 8th Innsbruck Postgraduate Symposium for Ophthalmologists 1996 an interactive communication system was used to evaluate the opinions of and therapy shemes proposed by symposium participants.Remote-control boxes were distributed in the auditorium so that audience members could directly participate in case reports being presented.Evaluation of the results made it clear that more work is urgently needed for documentation of diabetic eye lesions as well as for forensic procedures before commencing photocoagulation treatment or invasive diagnostics (e. g. fluorescein angiography). Statistical analysis of our findings also showed that in many cases diabetic patients are not treated (e. g. photocoagulation treatment) in conformity with the results of well known multicenter studies.We conclude that symposia on diabetes mellitus for ophthalmologists will continue to be important in future.

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Josef Troger

Innsbruck Medical University

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Eduard Schmid

Innsbruck Medical University

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Eveline U. Irschick

Innsbruck Medical University

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M. Kralinger

University of Innsbruck

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Barbara Teuchner

Innsbruck Medical University

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