B. G. Shpynev

Development of Diagnostic Capabilities of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scattering Radar

A description of the incoherent scattering radar of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences is given. New diagnostic capabilities attained as a result of modernization are described. The types of measurements are considered to be performed using this facility when studying the upper atmosphere of the Earth and the near-Earth space.

Recording and control digital systems of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar

A brief technical description of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) is given. New diagnostic capabilities resulting from the radar upgrade are presented. Types of measurements for the Earth’s upper atmosphere and near-Earth space studies are described.

Studying magnetospheric disturbances accompanied by midlatitude coherent echo signals

The results of an analysis of midlatitude coherent echo, registered with the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar during 53 observational seances, are presented. The observations continued for 4358 h from January 1998 to January 2005. Echo signals revealed during an analysis are divided into two groups with respect to power: strong (s) and weak (w) echoes. It was detected that echo signals with coherent echo characteristics are observed during all local time hours and at different levels of geomagnetic activity. The probability of s-echo appearance is minimal in noon hours and is maximal in post-midnight-morning hours. It has been indicated that the longest and strongest coherent echoes are observed at midlatitudes during great magnetic storms at an increased dynamic pressure of the solar wind.

Manifestation of gravitational tides and planetary waves in long-term variations in geophysical parameters

Long-term variations in the parameters of the Earth’s upper atmosphere and geophysical activity have been studied based on the current spectra. The main sources of quasiperiodic oscillations in the atmosphere (including variations in the solar radiation, geomagnetic activity, and gravity) have been considered. It was shown that the most stable quasiharmonic variations are related to tidal gravitational oscillations and Rossby planetary waves with stable spectra. These oscillatory processes substantially contribute to the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere and manifest themselves in ionospheric parameters.

Comparison of the Electron Density Variations Measured with Instruments of the ISZF SO RAN Radar Complex under the Conditions of Different Geomagnetic Disturbance

The variations in the electron density measured with the incoherent scatter radar, DPS-4 digisonde, and FMCW ionosonde are compared in this work. The main regularities in differences are explained by the effect of different-scale ionospheric irregularities. Considerable morning gradients of electron density result in that ionosondes give increased values as compared to the incoherent scatter radar data. Electron density disturbances measured with different instruments can be of correlated and uncorrelated character. Uncorrelated disturbances are explained by intense medium-scale ionospheric irregularities. Correlated disturbances are caused by large-scale irregularities. Observation of such disturbances can be used to determine the velocity and direction of a disturbance.

Discrete direction method in nonlinear problem of incoherent scattering spectrum fitting

A new fitting technique based on functional partition by simplexes of the nth order is developed to determine ionospheric plasma parameters with spectral measurement data from the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar. In this approach, the search for a minimum of a multidimensional functional is reduced to a minimized calculation of model functions in each iteration. The algorithm also allows simplification of the search-stop criterion.

Response of the midlatitude ionosphere to extreme geomagnetic storms of the 23rd solar cycle

The ionospheric response in the Irkutsk region (52.3° N, 104.3° E) to the extreme geomagnetic storms of solar cycle 23 was studied based on the data of the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar (ISR) and DPS-4 vertical sounding digital ionosonde. The deviations of parameters from the undisturbed level, i.e., from the monthly medians or the values obtained on a quiet day, were considered as an ionospheric response. Values of the electron concentration maximum (NmF2) and electron temperature (Te) at a height of 350 km were chosen as parameters. The ionospheric response is interpreted in the scope of the concept of a thermospheric storm and penetration of the magnetospheric electric field.