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Dive into the research topics where Bahgat E. El-Anadouli is active.

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Featured researches published by Bahgat E. El-Anadouli.


Corrosion Science | 1984

The adsorption of thiourea on mild steel

B. G. Ateya; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; F.M. El-Nizamy

Abstract The adsorption behaviour of thiourea on mild steel was investigated in 1 N H 2 SO 4 over the temperature range 20–50°C in the region of high coverage. The process was treated as a substitutional adsorption process. Particular attention was paid to the effect of the lateral interaction and the size ratio (which is the number of water molecules displaced by each adsorbing thiourea molecule). The degree of surface coverage was found to increase with temperature and concentration. It was shown that, at 20°C, the adsorption behaviour follows a Frumkin-type isotherm with strong lateral repulsion, where the molecules are vertically adsorbed on the surface. At 30–50°C the adsorbed molecules change their orientation to be parallel to the surface, where the adsorption behaviour follows a Flory-Huggins isotherm with negligible lateral interaction. The size ratio calculated from experimental results agrees well with that calculated from molecular models. The free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were calculated. The effect of temperature on the degree of surface coverage was attributed to an entropy, rather than an enthalpy, effect.


Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2011

Adsorption of crude oil from aqueous solution by hydrogel of chitosan based polyacrylamide prepared by radiation induced graft polymerization

H.H. Sokker; Naeem M. El-Sawy; Mohamed A. Hassan; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli

The adsorption of crude oil (initial concentration 0.5-30 g/L) from aqueous solution using hydrogel of chitosan based polyacrylamide (PAM) prepared by radiation induced graft polymerization has been investigated. The prepared hydrogel was characterized by FTIR and SEM micrographs. The experiments were carried out as a function of different initial concentrations of oil residue, acrylamide concentration, contact time and pH to determine the optimum condition for the adsorption of residue oil from aqueous solution and sea water. The results obtained showed that the hydrogel prepared at concentration of 40% acrylamide (AAm) and at a radiation dose of 5 kGy has high removal efficiency of crude oil 2.3g/g at pH 3. Equilibrium studies have been carried out to determine the capacity of the hydrogel for adsorption of crude oil, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the experimental isotherms and isotherms constants. Equilibrium data were found to fit very well with both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Also the adsorption of oil onto the hydrogel behaves as a pseudo-second-order kinetic models rather than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.


Corrosion Science | 1984

The effect of thiourea on the corrosion kinetics of mild steel in H2SO4

B. G. Ateya; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; F.M. El-Nizamy

The effect of thiourea (TU) on the corrosion kinetics of mild steel in I N H2SO4 has been studied at various temperatures and concentrations. The efficiency of inhibitor in reducing the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction, Pio was compared to its efficiency in reducing the rate of the corrosion reaction, Pincorr. The ratio r = Pio/Picorr was shown to be a useful diagnostic criterion; i.e. r ⩾ 1 indicates cathodic rate control while r ⪡ 1 indicates predominance of anodic rate control. At low concentrations (C Ccrit the efficiency loss is rather sudden, thus pointing to the failure of TU to inhibit either the anodic or cathodic half reactions. Consideration of the protonation of TU and of the possible zeta potential effects suggests that the observed inhibition is due mainly to the blocking effect of the adsorbed molecular species and that the loss of efficiency at C >Ccrit is not primarily due to protonation. The activation energies of both the cathodic and overall reactions have been evaluated at constant concentration and at constant degree of coverage.


Journal of The Electrochemical Society | 1995

Electrowinning of Non‐Noble Metals with Simultaneous Hydrogen Evolution at Flow‐Through Porous Electrodes II . Experimental

Mahmoud M. Saleh; John W. Weidner; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; B. G. Ateya

This paper presents an interpretation of the experimental results obtained on the electrowinning of zinc at a flowthrough porous electrode in light of a mathematical model which was presented in Part I. The process is accompanied by simultaneous hydrogen evolution within the electrode, which increases the pore electrolyte resistivity and decreases the coulombic efficiency. We measured polarization curves, coulombic efficiencies, and current distributions under various conditions of zincate concentrations, flow rates, cell current, and electrode thickness. Reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted current distributions was obtained only under conditions of high electrolyte flow rates, low cell currents, and thinner electrodes. The deviations observed at low electrolyte flow rates and high cell currents are attributed to the agitating effects of the hydrogen gas bubbles, which enhance the local mass-transfer coefficient. This effect was not incorporated in the model due to the absence of adequate correlations.


Journal of Solid State Chemistry | 1991

Kinetics of the reduction of Fe2O3 with hydrogen

Mahmoud M. Khader; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; Emad El-Nagar; B. G. Ateya

Abstract The kinetics of the heterogeneous reduction of Fe2O3 with gaseous hydrogen was studied over the temperature range of 300–400°C. As Fe2O3 is reduced, the resulting oxygen vacancies act as anion dopants of the remaining Fe2O3, thus increasing its conductivity. The final reaction product is FeO. It reoxidizes quickly upon exposure to air forming Fe3O4, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The progress of the reaction was followed by measuring the variation of the electrical conductivity of sintered compressed pellets with time. The variation of conductivity with the time of reduction was found to be quite complex, and can be divided into three regions: (a) region I, at short times, where the process is controlled by the chemical reaction at the outer surface between hydrogen and ferric oxide. This is an activated reaction characterized by an activation energy of 56.5 kJ mole−1; (b) region II, which signals the onset of diffusion control on the overall rate of the process, where the reaction starts to penetrate through the solid phase. Within this region, it was found that the conductivity varied linearly with the square root of the time; and (c) region III where the process is controlled by diffusion through the solid phase. The behavior of the system in regions II and III was found to be in agreement with the predictions obtained from solving Ficks second law of diffusion.


Corrosion Science | 1986

The effect of temperature on the polarization resistance — I. Activation control

Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; B. G. Ateya; F.M. El-Nizamy

Abstract The effect of temperature on the polarization resistance ( R p ) has been analyzed for a corrosion reaction in which both the anodic and cathodic half-reactions are under pure activation control, e.g. the corrosion of iron in 1 N H 2 SO 4 . The analysis was performed in terms of the Stern-Geary equation: R p was related to temperature by the equation R p (T) = T/298 R p (289) exp (E ∗ /R(1/T − 1/298)] where R p ( T ) and R p (298) are the values of polarization resistance at temperatures T and 298 K, respectively and E ∗ is the activation energy of the corrosion reaction. The polarization resistance was measured at different temperatures in presence of varying concentrations of three inhibitors, namely thiourea (TU), thiosemicarbazide (TSC) and thioacetamide (TA). The polarization resistance decreased with increase in temperature or decrease in inhibitor concentration. The experimental results followed the above equation satisfactorily; the value of E ∗ was found to be dependent on the type of inhibitor rather than on its concentration. The mean values of E ∗ are 60.3, 59.4, 47.6 and 33.5 kJ mol −1 in the blank, TSC, TA and TU solutions, respectively. The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in the light of these results.


Journal of The Electrochemical Society | 1991

Effects of Gas Bubbles on the Polarization Behavior of Porous Flow Through Electrodes

B. G. Ateya; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli

This paper treats the effects of gas bubbles on the polarization behavior of porous flow-through electrodes operating on the electrolytic production of hydrogen. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the process. It takes into consideration the effects of electrode kinetics, resistivity of the gas-electrolyte dispersion filling the pore space, electrolyte flow rate, gas void fraction, porosity, thickness, and specific surface area of the electrode. The effects of the above parameters on the polarization behavior of the electrode were assessed


Journal of The Electrochemical Society | 1994

Applications of Porous Flow‐Through Electrodes V . Electrowinning of Zinc from Flowing Alkaline Zincates at Packed‐Bed Electrodes

M. E. El‐Shakre; Mahmoud M. Saleh; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; B. G. Ateya

The electrowinning of Zn was achieved from flowing alkaline zincate solutions at packed‐bed electrodes. The current efficiency of the process is affected by the simultaneous hydrogen evolution, the zincate concentration, flow rate, conductivity, and temperature of the electrolyte. The process is mass‐transfer controlled. The limiting current is directly proportional to the concentration and flow rate of the zincate solution. The maximum current efficiency coincides with the limiting current of the Zn electrowinning reaction. While increases in the zincate concentration and/or flow rate increased the current efficiency, similar increases in the temperature and/or electrolyte conductivity had adverse effects. This result is interpreted in the light of existing electrochemical theory. While the current efficiency indicates the percentage of the total current consumed in electrowinning, we also defined the conversion efficiency which is a measure of the ability of the packed bed electrode to electrodeposit the zincate ions as they flow through the electrode. This conversion efficiency, as well as the limiting current, depend on the mechanism of mass transfer within the packed bed. Although we measured Zn limiting currents of a few hundred milliampere per square centimeter at only modest electrolyte flow rates, the conversion efficiency was low in view of the relatively large size of the particles of the bed. The results agree with predictions based on a dimensionless group which combines the structural and transport properties of the system. Conditions are defined where one can achieve higher conversion efficiencies.


Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry | 2012

The effect of external and internal diffusion on the sorption of radioactive ions by reactive cloth filter: Part I

Sameh H. Othman; Azza H. Ali; Nabil A. Mansour; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli

In this study, a new mathematical model was suggested to account for the effect of internal and external diffusion on fluid–solid noncatalytic reactions. The special features of this model are the combination of the transport processes and the chemical reaction kinetics with the added factor due to the structural properties of the solid reactant. The model was examined theoretically and experimentally. A reactive cloth filter that separates radionuclides from radioactive waste solutions is used as a practical application for the model. Analyses of the respective rate data in accordance with another two theoretical models showed that process is controlled by the rate of the diffusion step. The external and internal mass transfer constants across the liquid film and the resin matrix were determined from the graphical representation of the proposed model. The practical validation with the theoretical results offered satisfactory agreement at most of the process stages.


Journal of The Electrochemical Society | 1999

Electrochemical Removal of Lead Ions from Flowing Electrolytes Using Packed Bed Electrodes

Mohamed S. El-Deab; Mahmoud M. Saleh; Bahgat E. El-Anadouli; B. G. Ateya

Packed bed electrodes, made of stacked screens, have been used as cathodes for the removal of lead ions from flowing alkaline electrolytes. The authors consider the coulombic efficiency {zeta} = i{sub Pb}/(i{sub Pb} + i{sub H}), where i{sub Pb} and i{sub H} are, respectively, the lead deposition and hydrogen evolution currents, and the collection efficiency given by {psi} = i{sub L(exp.)}/nFvc{degree}, where i{sub L(exp.)} is the geometric limiting current for lead deposition, v is the electrolyte flow rate, and c{degree} is the feed concentration of lead ions. Two regions are defined in the current-potential relations, depending on whether hydrogen evolution does, or does not, contribute to the measured current, corresponding to {zeta} less than, or equal to, 100%, respectively. The geometric limiting current, i{sub L(exp.)}, increases with increase of v, electrode thickness (L), or specific surface area (S), and with decrease of the viscosity of the electrolyte ({mu}). The collection efficiency ({psi}) as {nu} or {mu} decreases and L and/or S increases. Operating the cell at higher flow rates increases the overall coulombic efficiency, over a broader range of cell currents. It also increases the geometric limiting current although it decreases the collection efficiency.

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Islam M. Al-Akraa

British University in Egypt

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