jinder Singh Bal

Effects of 4-week rope mallakhamb training on respiratory indices in adolescent girls

Effects of 4-week rope mallakhamb training on respiratory indices in adolescent girls Study aim: To assess the effects of 4-week rope mallakhamb training on respiratory indices in girls. Material and methods: A group of 24 high-school girls aged 12 - 16 years, who participated in interschool yoga competitions and in the Catch Them Young (CTY) programme, volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned into rope mallakhamb (M) and control (C) groups, n = 12 each. The M group was subjected to 4-week training consisting of various asanas (Paschimottanasana, Natrajasana, Nidrasana, Mayurasana and Savasana), the control group participated in the routine yoga mallakhamb training not containing the asanas mentioned. The following respiratory indices were determined using a wet spirometer: tidal volume (Vt), expiratory (ERV) and inspiratory (IRV) reserve volume, vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and inspiratory capacity (IC). Results: The 4-week rope mallakhamb training brought about significant (p<0.05 - 0.001) improvements (by 5 - 13%) in all indices except FVC. None of the indices significantly improved in Group C. Conclusions: The rope mallakhamb training may be recommended to improve strength and endurance of respiratory muscles and may contribute to enhanced voluntary control of breathing.

An Analysis of the Components of Mental Toughness in Body-Contact Sport: Keys to Athletic Success

The researchers of this study aims to know about the role of mental toughness in performance of body-contact sport. To obtain data, the investigators had selected One Hundred and Twenty Five (N=125) male Inter-college level body-contact sport athletes of 19 to 25 years of age to act as subjects. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. To measure the level of mental toughness of the subjects, the mental toughness battery constructed by Goldberg [1] was administered. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to find out the intra-group differences. Where F values were found significant, LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant differences have been noticed among body contact sports on the sub-parameters: ability to handle pressure, motivation and overall mental toughness. It has been observed that handball player had demonstrated significantly better on ability to handle pressure, whereas football players also had demonstrated significantly better on motivation and overall mental toughness as compared to their counterpart other body contact sport athletes. However, No significant differences were found on the sub-parameters; reboundability, concentration and confidence.

Effects of selected meditative asanas on kinaesthetic perception and speed of movement

Effects of selected meditative asanas on kinaesthetic perception and speed of movement Study aim: To assess the effects of selected meditative asanas on kinesthetic perception and movement speed. Material and methods: Thirty randomly selected male students aged 18 - 24 years volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned into two groups: A (medidative) and B (control). The Nelsons movement speed and reaction test and horizontal space test (to assess the kinaesthetic ability to determine specific positions along the horizontal line) were applied. The subjects from Group A were subjected to 8-week training of meditative asanas which included Padmasana, Siddhasana, Sukhasana, Vajrasana and Ushtrasana. Results: The kinaesthetic perception and movement speed significantly (p<0.001) improved (by nearly 10%) in Group A compared with the control one. Conclusions: Training asanas may be recommended to improve concentration-based performance.

Effects of Short Term Practice of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama on Metabolic Fitness (METF) and Bone Integrity (BI)

To measure the therapeutic effects of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama on Metabolic Fitness (MetF) and Bone Integrity. Fifty, university level girls between the age group of 19-25 years were selected. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=25); Group-B: Control (n2=25). The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks Anuloma Viloma Pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in Metabolic Fitness (MetF) (i.e., Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) and blood pressure of University Level Girls. Insignificant between-group differences were noted in Blood Lipid, Blood Sugar and Bone Integrity of University Level Girls.

EFFECTS OF SHORT TERM PRACTICE OF ANULOMA VILOMA PRANAYAMA ON COMPONENTS OF HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS

Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objective to determine the short term practice of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama on components of health-related fitness. Materials and Methods: 48 university level girls between the age group of 21-26 years were selected. The subjects were randomly matched and assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=24); Group-B: Control (n2=24). The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks Anuloma Viloma Pranayama. Statistical Analysis: Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Results: Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in Components of Health-Related Fitness (i.e., Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Flexibility and Fat Weight) of University Level Girls. Insignificant between-group differences were noted in Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Percentage Body Fat and Lean Body Weight of University Level Girls.

EFFECTS OF 6-WEEKS YOGASANA PRACTICE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL FITNESS STATUS OF UNIVERSITY LEVEL GIRLS

Thus the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6-week yogic practices on physiological fitness status of university level girls. The research population included, sixty (N=60) female between the age group of 18-25 years were selected as subjects from department of physical education (T).The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experiental (N1=30) and Group-B: Control (N2=30). All the subjects were informed about the objective and protocol of the study. The subjects from Group A were subjected to 6-week of yogic practices. The training consisted of a variety of yogic asanas: (i.e., Standing Postures, Balancing Postures and Backward/Forward Bending Postures). The 6-week yogic practices brought about significant improvement in cardiovascular endurance (t = 8.92), body composition (t = 16.64), muscular strength & endurance (t = 8.52) and flexibility (t = 15.31) in Group (A) as compared with the control one. The 6-week yogic practices had significant effect on cardiovascular endurance, body composition, muscular strength & endurance and flexibility.

Effect of 6-Week Yoga Asana on Metabolic fitness (MetF), Morphological fitness (MorF) and Bone integrity (BI)

This study examined to determine the effects of 6-week yoga asana on metabolic fitness (MetF), morphological fitness (MorF) and bone integrity (BI). To obtain required data, the investigators had selected thirty (N=30) female subjects between the age group of 18-25 years (Mean ± SD: age 21.03 ± 1.30 years, body mass 63.40 ± 2.36 kg, height 1.62 ± 0.022 m) from Department of Physical Education, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (N1=15) and Group-B: Control (N2=15). All participants were informed about the objective and protocol of the study before providing written informed consent. The 6-week yoga asana brought about significant improvement in Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) (p < 0.001) whereas no significant differences were found in Morphological fitness (MorF) and Bone integrity (BI). It is concluded that the 6-week yoga asana may be recommended to improve Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) and may contribute to enhance high aerobic power (i.e., VO2max) that plays a vital role in enhancing the repeated sprint ability. These types of studies need to be replicated in a variety of populations, both male and female or lower age group level, as the effects may vary depending upon the physical and health status of the population.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS: A PREDICTOR OF SPORT PERFORMANCE

This study examined the role of emotional intelligence in performance of basketball players. To obtain required data, the investigators had selected Sixty (N=60) female intercollege level basketball players of 19 to 25 years of age to act as subjects. They were divided into three groups; (i.e., N1=20; District, N2=20; State and N3=20 National). The purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. To measure the level of Emotional Intelligence the subjects, the Emotional Intelligence scale constructed by Hyde et al. [1] was administered. The results revealed significant differences have been noticed among district, state and national level female basketball players on the sub-parameters; self-awareness and integrity. It has been observed that district level female basketball players had demonstrated significantly better self-awareness as compared to their counterpart state and national level female basketball players. It has also been noticed that national level female basketball players exhibited significantly better on integrity as compared to their counterpart district and state level female basketball players. However, No significant differences were found on the sub-parameters; empathy, self-motivation, emotional stability, managing relations, self-development, value orientation, commitment and altruistic behaviour.