Baraa T. Sharef

Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols: A survey

Abstract Vehicular communications are now the dominant mode of transferring information between automobiles. One of the most promising applications of vehicular communications is the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), an approach to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANET is a subclass of the mobile ad hoc network, which does not depend on fixed infrastructure, in which the nodes are highly mobile. Therefore, the network topology changes rapidly. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is crucial in supporting the ITS. As a prerequisite to communication, the VANET routing protocols must establish an efficient route between network nodes. Furthermore, they should adjust efficiently to the quickly varying topology of moving vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the main characteristics and the research challenge of routing in VANETs, which may be considered in designing various routing protocols. We also created taxonomy of the current routing protocols for VANETs, and we surveyed and compared symbolized instances for all the classes of protocols. This organization and description present the advantages and weaknesses of the current protocols in this field, and paves the way for solutions to unaddressed problems.

Review: Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols: A survey

Abstract Vehicular communications are now the dominant mode of transferring information between automobiles. One of the most promising applications of vehicular communications is the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), an approach to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANET is a subclass of the mobile ad hoc network, which does not depend on fixed infrastructure, in which the nodes are highly mobile. Therefore, the network topology changes rapidly. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is crucial in supporting the ITS. As a prerequisite to communication, the VANET routing protocols must establish an efficient route between network nodes. Furthermore, they should adjust efficiently to the quickly varying topology of moving vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the main characteristics and the research challenge of routing in VANETs, which may be considered in designing various routing protocols. We also created taxonomy of the current routing protocols for VANETs, and we surveyed and compared symbolized instances for all the classes of protocols. This organization and description present the advantages and weaknesses of the current protocols in this field, and paves the way for solutions to unaddressed problems.

A comparison of various vehicular ad hoc routing protocols based on communication environments

Despite the stern actions by governments, road accidents have become unavoidable throughout the world. Hence it is crucial to take care of the safety of drivers. It is where the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) comes in to the picture, it has paved way for the introduction of a lot of applications, based on the inter-vehicle based communications and infrastructure based communications, which safeguards the drivers and regulates the influx of traffic. However, in order to successfully employ the VANET, the following aspects are mandatory: consistent network procedures, safe means of communication, wireless network with acceptable range and above all support from drivers. Basically, the VANETs are employed in two distinctive communications backgrounds. The traffic condition is very simple in highways but in cities and towns it is very complex. Due to the obstruction caused by the buildings, trees and other obstacles in cities, it is not always possible to have a direct line of communications in the direction of projected data communication. This paper is aimed at studying the routing protocols based on the communication environments of VANET. This study also summarizes and compares the advancements of the VANET protocols.

Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols

Abstract Vehicular communications are now the dominant mode of transferring information between automobiles. One of the most promising applications of vehicular communications is the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), an approach to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANET is a subclass of the mobile ad hoc network, which does not depend on fixed infrastructure, in which the nodes are highly mobile. Therefore, the network topology changes rapidly. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is crucial in supporting the ITS. As a prerequisite to communication, the VANET routing protocols must establish an efficient route between network nodes. Furthermore, they should adjust efficiently to the quickly varying topology of moving vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the main characteristics and the research challenge of routing in VANETs, which may be considered in designing various routing protocols. We also created taxonomy of the current routing protocols for VANETs, and we surveyed and compared symbolized instances for all the classes of protocols. This organization and description present the advantages and weaknesses of the current protocols in this field, and paves the way for solutions to unaddressed problems.

Robust and trust dynamic mobile gateway selection in heterogeneous VANET-UMTS network

Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) technology is serving variable applications as it uses moving vehicles as nodes in a network to create communication independent of a central infrastructure. Various types of VANET problems have emerged because of the absence of a central infrastructure as well as the random movement of the vehicles. VANETs cannot cope with network segmentation because of frequently disconnected networks in sparse environments. Therefore, several solutions have been proposed in the literature, such as integrating the VANET with other infrastructure networks by static gateways that have been fixed along the road. However, protocols based on static gateways can provide connectivity only in areas where they are deployed. Thus, the distribution and requirement of static gateways are the main drawbacks of these protocols. In this paper, a new routing protocol for robust and trust mobile gateway selection (RTMGwS) has been proposed. RTMGwS protocol uses the characteristics of vehicle movements and variant routing parameters to select an optimal mobile gateway with high robust and trust connection to an infrastructure network. The protocol is designed to spread the advertisement messages by the mobile vehicle gateway over the integrated network architecture of VANET and universal mobile telecommunications system (VANET-UMTS) without flooding the network and seamless handovers. The proposed protocol has been validated using SUMO and NS2 simulators over highways environment. The simulation results show encouraging performance in terms of increasing the packet delivery ratio and overall throughput, reducing control packet overhead and minimizing connection delay.

Mechanism to continue system availability during cyber threat scenario

It is known that cyber attacks on the application systems causes denial of services to avoid confidentiality and integrity compromise. The system remains inaccessible until it is completely recovered from that threat. This unavailability of the system is very important to handle as it results in huge monetary loss for organizations and their customers suffer with bad quality services. The main research objective is to design a framework for sustaining the systems availability at application level during the period of cyber attack. A designed framework is comprised of two components that propose one of the potential solutions for handling the systems unavailability problem while it is under attack. Ad hoc data migration is the first component that transfers the information to the alternative systems data storage when the attack is detected. Secured authentication is another very important component that compliments the alternatively available system to provide the secured information services to the end user. Secured authentication is designed differently with more strength compared to the conventional textual password authentication scheme so that the malicious users can be restricted from accessing the alternatively available system.