Barbara F. Turner

Socialization and career orientation among black and white college women

Abstract In a study of career orientation among black and white college women, support was found for hypotheses derived from postulates of Rotters Social Learning Theory. Compared to whites, (1) blacks were less likely to expect the level of work involvement preferred; (2) blacks expected more employment; and (3) blacks were more likely to prefer less employment than they realistically expected. Antecedents of career expectation were categorized as internal, external, or neutral. As hypothesized, variables expressive of external control predicted level of career expectation among blacks, whereas variables expressive of internal control predicted high career expectations among whites.

A test of causal sequences in two models for development of career-orientation in women

Abstract To evaluate the tenability of two causal orderings of variables in the development of career-orientation, responses of 92 college senior women to Need Achievement, Dating Frequency, and Career-Orientation items were analyzed. The postulated orderings were derived from two models: a compensatory model implying that failure in a womans heterosexual affiliation leads to high n Ach which, in turn, produces high C-O; an enrichment model suggesting that a womans high n Ach may lead to high C-O which, in turn, decreases heterosexual affiliation. Criteria for temporal sequences as per the Simon-Blalock correlational procedures rendered the enrichment model more tenable.

Bem Sex-Role Inventory Stereotypes for Men and Women Varying in Age and Race among National Register Psychologists:

554 psychologists listed in the National Register of Health Care Providers in Psychology used the Bern Sex-role Inventory to rate a “mature, healthy, socially competent” individual in one of 18 target groups (a black or race-unspecified man, woman, or adult in their late 20s, late 40s, or late 60s). Factor analysis produced factors which generated three scales—nurturant, agentic, and self-governing. The attributes “feminine” and “masculine” were treated as individual items. Old targets were viewed as less agentic than younger targets and as less self-governing than the middle-aged. Female targets were perceived as more feminine and less masculine than were men. Interactions for agentic and self-governing suggest age and race and sex of target influence person perceptions.

Careers, Contingencies, and Locus of Control among White College Women.

This study examined social-psychological antecedents of the sex type of occupational preferences and expectations of White college women. High sex-role contingency orientation (SRCO)—attitudes and explanations for occupational choices which reflect a primary and explicit concern with marriage and family—was associated with expectations and preferences for occupations in which females predominate and with the tendency to have more traditionally feminine expectations than preferences.SRCO was significantly related to locus of control (I-E) with women high or intermediate in SRCO being primarily internal or external; women with low SRCO being primarily intermediate in I-E.