Barbara L. Drinkwater

Acsm Position Stand: The Female Athlete Triad

SUMMARYThe Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome occurring in physically active girls and women. Its interrelated components are disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Pressure placed on young women to achieve or maintain unrealistically low body weight underlies development of the Triad. Ado

Perceptual and metabolic responsivity to standard bicycle ergometry following various hypnotic suggestions

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of various hypnotic suggestions on perceptual and metabolic responses to a standard bicycle ergometer task. 5 Ss exercised for 5 minutes on a bicycle ergometer at a work load of 600 kpm and 50 rpm. However, each S was told that he would exercise at a light, a moderate, and a heavy work load under hypnotic conditions A, B, and C, respectively. Condition D (waking control) involved the same suggestions administered in condition B. The dependent variables were: perceived exertion, heart rate, oxygen uptake, oxygen debt, respiratory exchange ratio, excess carbon dioxide production, ventilatory minute-volume, ventilatory efficiency, and rectal temperature. These physiological assessments were made throughout the induction, explanation of work, exercise bout, and recovery period. The perceived exertion rating was made in the waking state following this 40-minute session. Analyses of variance for multifactor experiments with repeated measur...

Air Pollution, Exercise, and Heat Stress

Twenty young men, smokers and non- smokers, were tested for maximal aerobic power in a 35 C environment under four ambient air conditions: (1) filtered air (FA), (2) 50 ppm carbon monoxide (CO), (3) 0.27 ppm peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and (4) CO plus PAN. Carbon monoxide was effective in reducing the work time of the nonsmokers and in eliciting changes In the respiratory patterns of both smokers and nonsmokers. No significant physiological effects were noted during the PAN exposure. Maximal aerobic power was not affected by any pollutant condition. Since the concentrations of CO represented a first-stage alert level for the Los Angeles area, it appears that the air pollution standard for this pollutant is set at a realistic level for healthy young men doing strenuous work for a relatively short period of time.

Effects of training on women's response to submaximal exercise.

ABSTRACTSeven females, ages 23 to 49, participated in a 6 week program of physical training by walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 3 times a week at a constant speed (90 m/min). The training heart rate was maintained at 75 to 80% of HR max by adjusting the grade of the treadmill as necessary.Trai

Responses of young female tract athletes to exercise.

ABSTEACTFifteen female track athletes, ages 12 to 18 years, were tested for maximum aerobic capacity and for their responses to a treadmill simulation of a standard track practice. The maximum oxygen uptake of the girls equalled or surpassed that reported previously for other young females. During t

Speed and accuracy in decision responses of men and women pilots

The decision response time and accuracy of 54 civilian pilots were measured to determine if there were any differences in the performance of male and female pilots. A series of 30 transparencies required each subject to make a decision regarding aircraft attitude on the basis of information provided by pictures of three flight instruments. No differences of statistical significance were found between the performance of men and women under any of the experimental conditions. Performance data do suggest, howover, that in a task requiring both speed and accuracy, women are more accurate than men initially and gain in speed with experience, while men respond more quickly than women dining early trials and improve in accuracy as the trials continue.

Telemetric monitoring of the reflex blink rate.

A technique for using telemetry to transmit the muscle action potentials of the eyeblink to a biological recorder is described in detail. Samples of oscillograph recordings are included to illustrate the patterns obtained from a variety of facial movements. Considering the high objectivity and reliability coefficients obtained, this procedure is recommended to those interested in using the blink rate as an experimental variable.

SOMATIC RESPONSES AND PERFORMANCE LEVELS DURING ANTICIPATORY PHYSICAL-THREAT STRESS

20 general aviation pilots flew a series of simulated instrument flights under stress and non-stress conditions. During flight, muscle action potentials from the masseter muscle and eye blink were monitored. The relationship of these two measures of somatic activity to each other and to performance scores was determined on an inter- and intra-individual basis. Both linear and curvilinear coefficients were computed. Levels of somatic activity rose significantly from the control to stress flight. Individual reliability of blink rate and intra-individual reliability of masseter activity and blink rate were significant across flights. A significant curvilinear relationship was present between blink rate and masseter tension. In general, performance errors were fewer in those Ss with lower levels of somatic tension and during flight sectors in which masseter activity was low or moderate. High error scores were found in those sectors in which blink rate was low or moderate.

A tríade da atleta: posicionamento oficial

A triade da atleta e uma sindrome que ocorre em adolescentes e mulheres fisicamente ativas. Os seus componentes inter-relacionados sao disturbios alimentares, amenorreia e osteoporose. A pressao a qual adolescentes e mulheres jovens sao submetidas para atingir ou manter um peso corporal irrealmente baixo esta por tras dessa sindrome. Possuem maior risco as adolescentes e mulheres que praticam esportes nos quais um baixo peso corporal e importante para o desempenho ou por razoes esteticas. As jovens e mulheres com um dos componentes dessa triade devem ser investigadas para os outros.