Barbara Marchetti

A carbon footprint analysis in the textile supply chain

This research work focuses on the application of life-cycle assessment methodology to determine the carbon footprint of different players involved in a supply chain of the textile sector. A case study of a product by a textile leader company was carried out. This study demonstrates that, in the textile chain, the main contribution to the greenhouse effect is provided by the electrical and thermal energy used and by the transportation (since different production phases are delocalised in a wide range that goes from South Africa, Italy, Romania and all around the world, from the distribution centre to the stores). The Monte Carlo analysis has been used in order to obtain, for each calculated impact, not only the average value but also the distribution curve of the results characterised by uncertainty parameters. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of management choices such as: •u2003a change in the transportation modality, from aeroplane to boat; •u2003a combination of road and rail transportation; and •u2003a selection among suppliers that allows the firm to cut environmental impacts.

New applications of Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV) to non-destructive diagnostics of artworks: mosaics, ceramics, inlaid wood and easel painting

Abstract There exist many analytical methodologies and techniques to individuate the physical and chemical characteristics of artworks, but at present, their structural diagnostics mainly rely on the expertise of the restorer and the typical diagnostic process is accomplished mainly through manual and visual inspection of the object surface 〚1〛 . The basic idea behind the proposed technique is to substitute human senses with measurement instruments: surfaces are very slightly vibrated by mechanical actuators, while a laser Doppler vibrometer scans the objects measuring surface velocity and producing velocity amplitude and phase two-dimensional (2D) or 3D maps. Where a defect occurs velocity is higher than neighbouring areas, so defects can be easily spotted. Laser vibrometers also identify structural resonance frequencies thus leading to a complete characterisation of defects. This work will present the most recent results coming out of the application of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) to different types of artworks: mosaics, ceramics, inlaid wood and easel painting. Real artworks and samples realised on purpose have been studied using the proposed technique and different measuring issues resulting from each artwork category will be described.

Implementation of a quality procedure based on Delphi method and the ISO/TS 16949:2009 in the production of stainless steel tubes for automotive exhaust systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the application of a procedure for the quality control of stainless steel tubes produced for automotive exhaust systems from a leading company in the steel sector, based on the Delphi method in accordance with the ISO/TS 16949:2009 and the ISO 9000:2008. Using Delphi methodology, it was possible to identify the main problems in the production lines object of the study, the main defects and their causes. Statistical methods were used to monitor process compliance and capacity. The panel of experts involved in Delphi method was able to identify causes of non‐compliance and suggest corrective actions.Design/methodology/approach – The quality procedure implemented involves the application of the Delphi method and the ISO/TS 16949:2009 standard in conjunction with ISO 9000:2008 to the production line of welded tubes for exhaust systems. The statistical methods used to monitor the process were mainly control charts. Capability index, Cp and Cpk, were used to mea...

Scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for dynamic measurements on small- and microsystems

In the present work the development of a customised vibrometer able to work on Microsystems is shown. The system is based on a commercial Laser Doppler vibrometer, in which the optical set-up, the mechanical arrangement and the processing software and hardware were modified and developed to measure vibrations of small object with a resolution in the micro scale. The main characteristics of this system is a very versatile platform, in which laser Doppler Vibrometry, two-axis stages micropositioner, digital signal processing and image acquisition and processing can work together in order to obtain the integration of vibration measurements with other experimental techniques. The system developed, which represents the first step in this project, has been applied to a typical test case in order to verify performances and limits. A discussion about main features and limits is presented.

Dynamic model for the economical evaluation of different technical solutions for reducing naval emissions

The new regulations for the prevention of marine pollution are compelling the shipping industry to a change of strategy. This research provides an economical analysis of the short term alternative options for ship owners: to fit exhaust gas cleaning system on board using heavy fuel oil; to burn marine gas oil or to switch from heavy fuel oil to low sulphur fuel entering emissions controlled areas. An economic evaluation model of investments has been developed in order to compare the different solutions. Based on technical data of engines and operative vessel profiles, the model provides possible measurement tools to consider for the investment choice in the defined reference scenario. Different scenarios can be created by modifying investment conditions, environmental regulations and fuel price forecasts. The results of the model application to three real vessels of different types encourage the ship owners to adopt the option of the seawater scrubber.

Application of Micro Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer for Vibrational Velocity and Resonance Frequency Measurement on Micro Electro Mechanical Devices (MEMS)

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) represent the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through the utilization of microfabrication technology. The “micromachining” processes selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices. MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, thereby, making possible the realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. MEMS is truly an enabling technology allowing the development of smart products by augmenting the computational ability of microelectronics with the perception and control capabilities of microsensors and microactuators. MEMS is also an extremely diverse and fertile technology, both in the applications it is expected to be used, as well as in how the devices are designed and manufactured. MEMS technology makes possible the integration of microelectronics with active perception and control functions, thereby, greatly expanding the design and application space.

Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of scanning laser Doppler vibrometer measurements of plaster status at the U.S. Capitol

A large-scale survey (~700 m2) of frescos and wall paintings was undertaken in the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. to identify regions that may need structural repair due to detachment, delamination, or other defects. The survey encompassed eight pre-selected spaces including: Brumidis first work at the Capitol building in the House Appropriations Committee room; the Parliamentarians office; the House Speakers office; the Senate Reception room; the Presidents Room; and three areas of the Brumidi Corridors. Roughly 60% of the area surveyed was domed or vaulted ceilings, the rest being walls. Approximately 250 scans were done ranging in size from 1 to 4 m2. The typical mesh density was 400 scan points per square meter. A common approach for post-processing time series called Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, or POD, was adapted to frequency-domain data in order to extract the essential features of the structure. We present a POD analysis for one of these panels, pinpointing regions that have experienced severe substructural degradation.

Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry for Delamination Detection in Frescoes

2 ) of frescoes and wall paintings was undertaken in the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. to identify regions that may need structural repair due to detachment, delamination, or other defects. The survey encompassed eight pre-selected spaces including: Brumidis first work at the Capitol building in the House Appropriations Committee room; the Parliamentarians office; the House Speakers office; the Senate Reception room; the Presidents Room; and three areas of the Brumidi Corridors. Roughly 60% of the area surveyed was domed or vaulted ceilings, the rest being walls. Approximately 250 scans were done ranging in size from 1 to 4 square meters. The typical mesh density was 400 scan points per square meter. A common approach for post- processing time series called proper orthogonal decomposition, or POD, was used to extract the essential features of the time series. We present a POD analysis for one of these panels pinpointing regions that have experienced severe substructural degradation.

New applications of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) to nondestructive diagnosis of artwork: mosaics, ceramics, inlaid wood, and easel painting

During the last years the growing importance of the correct determination of the state of conservation of artworks has been stated by all personalities in care of Cultural Heritage. There exist many analytical methodologies and techniques to individuate the physical and chemical characteristics of artworks, but at present their structural diagnostics mainly rely on the expertise of the restorer and the typical diagnostic process is accomplished mainly through manual and visual inspection of the object surface. The basic idea behind the proposed technique is to substitute human senses with measurement instruments: surfaces are very slightly vibrated by mechanical actuators, while a laser Doppler vibrometer scans the objects measuring surface velocity and producing 2D or 3D maps. Where a defect occurs velocity is higher than neighboring areas so defects can be easily spotted. Laser vibrometers also identify structural resonance frequencies thus leading to a complete characterization of defects. This work will present the most recent results coming out of the application of Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometers (SLDV) to different types of artworks: mosaics, ceramics, inlaid wood and easel painting. Real artworks and samples realized on purpose have been studied using the proposed technique and different measuring issues resulting from each artwork category will be described.