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Science Education | 2003

The renewal of case studies in science education

Arthur Stinner; Barbara McMillan; Jana M. Jilek; Stephen Klassen

Our objective in this paper is to clarify the contextual approach in scienceeducation and to suggest appropriate uses of history in the science classroomfrom early years through post secondary education. We present a descriptionof the variety of approaches by which teachers and educators may include thehistory of science in science instruction. This is followed by five sections inwhich historical approaches appropriate for early years, middle years, senioryears, college, and university level learning are discussed.


Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education | 2007

Combining the views of both worlds: Perceived constraints and contributors to achieving aspirations for science education in qikiqtani

Brian Lewthwaite; Barbara McMillan

This paper reports on the first phase of a multiphase science education development project being conducted in three Inuit communities in the northern Qikiqtani region of Nunavut. The development project, in its entirety, employs an action research methodology, and by so doing endeavours to support the improvement of science education delivery in accordance with school community aspirations. The project focuses on (a) establishing the current situation in Kindergarten to Grade 6 science education in the communities; (b) identifying developmental aspirations for stakeholders within the communities and potential contributors and constraints to these aspirations; (c) implementing mechanisms for achieving identified aspirations; and, finally, (d) evaluating the effectiveness of such mechanisms. This paper focuses on the initial phase of the development project: evaluating the current situation in Kindergarten to Grade 6 science education, and identifying the developmental aspirations and perceived constraints and contributors for achieving these science education aspirations within these communities. Finally, the paper outlines some priorities to consider for further education development based on the outcomes of the preliminary discussions. Résumé: Cet article fait un compte-rendu de la premiere phase d’un projet de d’veloppement en enseignement des sciences dans trois communautés inuit de la région nordique de Qikiqtani, au Nunavut. Le projet de d’veloppement dans son entier se fonde sur une méthodologie de recherche-action, afin de tenter d’améliorer la qualité de I’enseignement des sciences en accord avec les aspirations des communautes scolaires. Le projet vise essentiellement à: (1) d’terminer quelle est la situation actuelle en enseignement des sciences, de la maternelle à la sixieme année, au sein de ces communautés, (2) d’terminer quelles sont les aspirations developpementales des parties prenantes au sein des communautés et quels seraient les éventuels facteurs susceptibles d’avoir un impact positif ou négatif sur ces aspirations, (3) mettre en place des mécanismes permettant de réaliser les aspirations ainsi identifiées, et enfin (4) évaluer l’efficacité de ces mécanismes. Cet article centre son attention sur la premiére étape du projet, laquelle vise d’abord à évaluer la situation actuelle en enseignement des sciences, de la maternelle à la sixième année, ensuite à d’terminer quelles sont les aspirations des communautés inuit en termes de d’veloppement, et enfin à identifier aussi bien les contraintes perçues que les facteurs qui favorisent la réalisation de telles aspirations. l’article dresse également un tableau des priorités dont il faudra tenir compte lorsqu’il s’agira d’établir de nouveaux d’veloppements pédagogiques fond’s sur Ies résultats des discussions préliminaires sur ces questions.


Health Education Journal | 2013

Evaluation of Harsh Reality: A sexual health print-based resource for street-involved youth

Chelsea Jalloh; Barbara McMillan; Margaret Ormond; Catherine Casey; John L. Wylie

Introduction: Street-involved youth are one of the populations most at risk for elevated rates of sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections. This paper evaluates the suitability and success of a resource focused on health education with a population of street-involved youth in Winnipeg, Canada. Method: Using a mixed method approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed. Surveys involving both structured and semi-structured questions were administered orally to 100 participants. Three gender-stratified focus groups (total of 23 participants) were also conducted. Focus groups were recorded and subsequently transcribed. Empirical data was used to calculate frequency distributions, supported by a general inductive analysis of qualitative data. Results: From the interview and focus group data, the majority of participants had a very positive perception of the resource. However, in terms of specific knowledge uptake, participants displayed a lack of recall of the specific items measured in the evaluation, such as local HIV testing facilities, types of HIV tests available and specific information pertaining to recent research conducted in Manitoba with street-involved populations. Conclusion: Both passive distribution of the resource through service-providing institutions and active distribution in the street were effective approaches for exposing a wide range of street-involved youth to the resource. Poor recall of specific knowledge objectives suggests alternate methods of presenting key fact-based information are necessary to increase resource efficiency. Articles must be created at an appropriate reading level for the street-involved population to improve reader engagement. The ability for the target population to identify that the resource is grounded in language, art, interests and lived-experiences of the street-involved youth was well-received and facilitated interest in looking through the resource and credibility of information.


Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education | 2007

A teacher candidate's experience in the teaching of science using historical narratives and stories

Barbara McMillan

This study was designed to determine the effect on learning of narratives and stories from the history of science (McMillan, 2007). Impediments to using the historical narratives and stories were encountered and attributed to six factors that, unexpectedly, had also been identified as creating challenges for student teaching. These are time management, institutional and job complexity, unengaged cooperating teachers, poor student motivation, cognitive content mastery, and cognitive pedagogical mastery. As straightforward as this may seem, when the teacher-initiated changes to the historical components of lessons are viewed through Urie Bronfenbrenners bio-ecological theory of human development (1987), these impediments become the consequences of a field experience where too little attention was paid to the environmental and person-process variables required for engagement and success. Although well conceptualized for nine-year-old students and well supported by the developerresearcher at the micro-level, the gap between the teacher candidate’s implemented lessons and the lessons created for the instructional unit widened as the practicum moved toward completion. The result was a series of lessons in which the historical stories and narratives were dispensed, although typically in a distorted or abridged manner. Several explanations for these teacher-initiated changes are given, although the necessary reciprocal relationship between the developing individual and significant persons in the individual’s immediate environment is presented as the most probable. While this aspect of the bio-ecological theory of human development is used to explain the effect of disposition and environment on the impromptu transformation of the lessons during delivery, it is not suggested that using the history of science in the teaching of children in school science is something that only experienced teachers can do.RésuméCette étude a été conçue afin de d’terminer les effets de la narration de récks tirés de I’histoire des sciences sur l’enseignement, de la part d’une enseignante en formation, d’une unité pédagogique réalisée dans le but d’améliorer la transmission des contenus scientifiques obligatoires en quatrième annve scolaire, et notamment sur les id’es préconcues des enfants au sujet de la lumière (McMillan, 2007). Certains obstacles à l’utilisation du récit narratif historique ont surgi au cours de l’expérience et ont été attribués à six facteurs qui, de façon surprenante, avaient d’jà ete identifiés comme sources de difficultés dans la formation des enseignants. Ces facteurs sont la gestion du temps, la complexité du travail et des institutions, un manque d’engagement de la part des enseignants participants, un manque de motivation chez les étudiants, une connaissance lacunaire des contenus cognitifs, et une pédagogie cognitive imparfaite. Aussi évident que cela puisse sembler, lorsque les changements effectuvs par l’enseignante quant aux composantes historiques des leçons sont analyses au moyen de la théorie bioécologique du d’veloppement humain proposée par Urie Bronfenbrenner (1987), les difficultés peuvent être vues comme les conséquences d’une expérience sur le terrain dans laquelle on a accord’ trop peu d’attention aux variables environnementales, personnelles et procédurales pour assurer l’engagement des participants et le succès du projet. Bien que les contenus aient été bien conçus à l’intention d’éleves de 9 ans et qu’ils aient eu Pappui du chercheur au niveau local, I’écart entre les leçons dispensées et les contenus créés pour l’unité pédagogique allait sans cesse grandissant au fur et à mesure qu’on s’approchait du terme de Pexpérience. Le résultat obtenu fut une série de cours o les récits historiques étaient effectivement péesentés, mais souvent d’une maniére altérée ou abrégée. Plusieurs explications sont proposées pour analyser ces changements mis en place par l’enseignante, mais la plus probable nous semble liée a la relation réciproque et nécessaire qui existe entre la personne en formation et les personnes significatives pour elle dans son environnement immédiat. Bien que cet aspect de la théorie bioécologique du d’veloppement humain soit proposé ici pour expliquer les effets de la personnalité et de I’environnement sur les modifications apportées aux contenus durant les cours, nous ne croyons pas que I’exploitation de l’histoire des sciences dans ’enseignement des sciences aux enfants soit l’apanage exclusif des enseignants d’expérience.


Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education | 2007

Integrating science curricula in the middle school: Utilizing historical perspectives

Stephen Klassen; Barbara McMillan

Science curriculum outcomes at the middle school level are typically associated with the decontextualized science found in textbooks and teacher resources. However, the typical middle years classroom with a single teacher is an ideal setting for an integrated approach to learning science in the context of social studies, language arts, art, and other subject areas. In this paper, we describe the first phase of a three-phase integrated curriculum project. The curriculum uses an historical perspective, narratives, and a student-centred approach to create materials that integrate the Grade 5 Science weather cluster with the Grade 5 Social Studies unit on the Canadian fur trade. Risk factors that contribute to inadequate science teaching and learning are identified and several protective factors that contribute to teacher efficacy are advanced.RésuméLes résultats des curriculums scientifiques au 1er cycle du secondaire sont normalement liés aux contenus dvcontextualisés qu’on trouve dans le matériel et les ressources pedagogiques disponibles. Toutefois, la classe normale de ce niveau, qui n’a qu’un seul enseignant, constitue un contexte id’al pour une approche intvgrée où I’apprentissage des sciences se fait dans un cadre comprenant également les sciences sociales, le langage, les arts et d’autres matières scolaires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première phase d’un projet de curriculum intégré à trois étapes. Ce curriculum se fonde sur une perspective historique, sur le récit narratif ainsi que sur une approche centrée sur l’étudiant pour créer du matériel pédagogique qui intègre le programme d’études scientifiques de cinquieme année sur le climat avec le programme d’études sociales de la meme annee sur la traite des fourrures au Canada. Nous analysons certains facteurs de risque susceptibles de nuire à I’enseignement et a I’apprentissage des sciences, de même que plusieurs facteurs qui au contraire favorisent un enseignement efficace.


Science Education | 2007

Building a Foundation for the Use of Historical Narratives

Stephen Klassen; Barbara McMillan; Michael P. Clough; Joanne K. Olson


Canadian journal of education | 2010

“She Can Bother Me, and That’s Because She Cares”: What Inuit Students Say About Teaching and Their Learning

Brian Lewthwaite; Barbara McMillan


Science Education | 2010

Reconstruction of the history of the photoelectric effect and its implications for general physics textbooks

Mansoor Niaz; Stephen Klassen; Barbara McMillan


Science Education | 2010

Leon Cooper's Perspective on Teaching Science: An Interview Study.

Mansoor Niaz; Stephen Klassen; Barbara McMillan


Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy | 2010

Combining the Views of "Both Worlds": Science Education in Nunavut "Piqusiit Tamainik Katisugit".

Brian Lewthwaite; Barbara McMillan; Robert Renaud; Rebecca Hainnu; Carolyn MacDonald

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