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Featured researches published by Barbel Kahl.


International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | 1994

A long-term, follow-up, radiographic evaluation of asymptomatic impacted third molars in orthodontically treated patients

Barbel Kahl; K.L. Gerlach; R.-D. Hilgers

Long-term follow-up orthopantomographs of 251 adult orthodontically treated former patients showed 113 clinically asymptomatic impacted third molars in 58 patients. Radiographic assessment revealed contact of impacted third molars with the second molars, resorption of maxillary and mandibular second molars, as well as pathologically widened pericoronal spaces of the maxillary and mandibular third molars. The comparison of the sagittal third molar position in 52 impacted teeth revealed a sagittal change in all third molars from post-treatment to follow-up: maxillary and mandibular third molars had rotated to a more upright position and showed an increase in mesio- or distoangulation or a change of axial inclination. The lack of predicting factors such as age, period of impaction, extent of space deficiency, developmental stage, level of eruption, and bone conditions leads the authors to recommend that former orthodontic patients be recalled at regular intervals for assessment of changes in the condition and position of erupting or impacted third molars.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1990

Funktionelle Behandlung nach Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen mit und ohne Aktivator

Barbel Kahl; K. L. Gerlach

ZusammenfassungEs wurden 21 Patienten mit Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen im Alter von drei bis 13 Jahren nachuntersucht. Die Patienten wurden nach der Art des therapeutischen Vorgehens-Funktionskieferorthopädie, konservative Kieferchirurgie und Funktionskieferorthopädie, konservative Kieferchirurgie und Bewegungsübungen-in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die klinischen Untersuchungen ergaben in allen Fällen eine gute bis sehr gute funktionelle Restitution. Im Röntgenbefund jedoch konnte die Wiederherstellung der anatomischen Gelenkeinheit nur bei einem Fünftel der untersuchten Patienten gefunden werden. Da bei der Gruppe der rein kieferorthopädisch behandelten Patienten mehrere Jahre nach Trauma neben den funktionellen Verbesserungen auch gute morphologische Ergebnisse im Sinne von Remodellierungen der Kondylen festgestellt wurden, ist als therapeutische Konsequenz eine funktionskieferorthopädische Behandlung anzustreben und nur in Einzelfällen eine vorherige intermaxilläre Fixation durchzuführen.SummaryA follow-up study was carried out of 21 patients aged between three and 13 years who had sustained fractures of the condylar process. The patients were divided into three, groups according to the type of treatment carried out — functional orthopaedics, intermaxillary fixation with functional orthopaedics and intermaxillary fixation with exercises. The clinical results showed in all cases good, even excellent restoration of the function. Radiological examination, however, revealed that restoration of anatomical form only occurred in 20% of the patients. Since several years after the trauma the orthodontically-treated group showed even a remodelling of the fractured condyles functional treatment approach is recommended.


American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 1995

How to deal with the drop-out in clinical follow-up studies: Results of a long-term follow-up study of orthodontically treated patients

Barbel Kahl; Hendrik Fischbach; Claus W. Schwarze

The drop-out in a long-term follow-up study of former orthodontically treated patients was analyzed to avoid biased results. Since structural conformity of the responders (n = 299) and the potential study population (n = 1464) cannot be presumed on the basis of the clinical results, roentgenologic results, and questionnaires, analysis of the participating patients, the follow-up method was used. By means of questionnaires sent to all nonresponders, a comparison of responding and nonresponding patient characteristics was completed to find a presumed selectivity bias. The comparison of the participating patients (n = 299) and the total sample revealed that the responders live closer to the health center, had a longer treatment time, and a shorter posttreatment interval. Compared with nonresponders (n = 266), the responders were satisfied with the treatment result and had a higher dental Intelligence Quotient (IQ, concerning tooth and jaw position). Although a definite answer to the question of validity of the examined subsample was difficult to give, the description and evaluation of the parameters that might be reasons for missing at random respectively, not missing at random was recommended.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1993

[Ethyl cyanoacrylate (Cyano-Veneer) as an orthodontic bracket adhesive. A comparative in-vitro study with Cyano-Veneer and a conventional orthodontic bracket adhesive].

Barbel Kahl; Andreas Konig; Robert D. Hilgers; Claus W. Schwarze

ZusammenfassungCyano-Veneer®, ein Äthylcyanoacrylat, soll laut Herstellerangaben zur Befestigung von Brackets geeignet sein und wird bereits von einigen Kieferorthopäden dazu verwendet. Bisher wurde das Material jedoch noch nicht auf seine Eignung als Bracketkleber geprüft. In dieser Studie wurde die Frage nach seiner Haftfestigkeit auf Zugkraft direkt nach dem Kleben und nach 50, 100 und 150 Tagen Lagerung in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung untersucht. Hierzu wurden für jeden der vier Zeitpunkte 40 obere Rinderschneidezähne von 20 Tieren extrahiert. Anhand einer Randomisierungsliste wurden die Brackets mit Cyano-Veneer® oder Mono-LokTM, als Vergleichskleber, auf die Zähne geklebt. Die Abzugskraft der Brackets auf Zugbelastung wurde mit der Zwickzugmaschine gemessen. Unmittelbar nach dem Kleben lag die Haftfestigkeit von Cyanoacrylat deutlich über der des Vergleichsklebers (p=0,0008). Zu den späteren Zeitpunkten (nach 50, 100 und 150 Tagen) bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Haftfestigkeit der beiden Kleber. Es ergibt sich als Schlußfolgerung, daß die Gefahr des Bracketverlusts beim Einligieren von Bögen direkt nach dem Kleben mit Äthylcyanoacrylat geringer ist, was für Patient und Behandler als Vorteil anzusehen ist.SummaryAccording to the claims of the manufacturer, aethylcyanoacrylate can be used to bond orthodontic brackets and some orthodontists have already adopted its use for this purpose. Because, however, the use of the material as thus applied has not yet been the object of research, the question of its adhesion to tensil forces immediately after bonding and after 50, 100, and 150 days of placement in a physiologic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is the subject of this study. 40 bovine upper incisors were extracted from 20 animals for each of the four points in-time. The brackets were bonded with Cyano-Veneer® and Mono-LokTM according to a randomized list. Mono-LokTM, an adhesive from the group of common orthodontic adhesives, functioned as the reference material. The bonding strength of the brackets in relation to the tensil forces was measured by means of a “Zwickuniversalprüfmaschine” (Zwick universal testing machine). Immediately after bonding, the cyanoacrylate demonstrated significantly higher bonding strength values than Mono-LokTM. At 50, 100, and 150 days in the physiologic saline solution, the bonding strength of both materials showed no significant difference. It can thus be concluded that, when wires are employed immediately after bonding, the danger of bracket loss is significantly reduced through the use of cyanoacrylate.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1994

[Early deciduous tooth loss--the mature or immature eruption of their permanent successors].

J. A. Czecholinski; Barbel Kahl; Claus W. Schwarze

On the basis of 147 panoramic radiographs of 49 patients, this study investigated the influence of the premature loss of deciduous teeth on the formation of their permanent successors at the time of their eruption. Furthermore the study investigated the eruptive movement of the successor teeth at the time of eruption. In addition to detecting the accelerated emergence of still immature successor premolars, the study also determined that the extraction ot the deciduous molars before the age of eight years delayed the eruption of the permanent successors given the absence of an infected deciduous tooth with abscess formation. In relation to the eruptive movement of the permanent molars due to the premature loss of the second deciduous molar, the study ascertained a mesial movement of the first permanent molars and an accelerated eruption of the second permanent molars.ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß des frühzeitigen Milchzahnverlustes auf den Reifegrad der bleibenden Nachfolger zum Durchbruchszeitpunkt sowie auf deren Durchbruchsverhalten wurde anhand von 147 Panoramaröntgenschichtaufnahmen (OPG) von 49 Patienten untersucht. Neben einem unmittelbaren Nachfolgen der noch unreifen bleibenden Nachfolger konnte eine Durchbruchsverzögerung der Ersatzzähne bei Entfernung der Milchmolaren vor dem achten Lebensjahr und fehlender apikaler Entzündung festgestellt werden. Hinsichtlich des Durchbruchsverhaltens der Molaren bei vorzeitigem Verlust der Milchfünfer konnten eine Mesialwanderung der Sechsjahrmolaren sowie eine Durchbruchsbeschleunigung der Zwölfjahrmolaren nachgewiesen werden.SummaryOn the basis of 147 panoramic radiographs of 49 patients, this study investigated the influence of the premature loss of deciduous teeth on the formation of their permanent successors at the time of their eruption. Furthermore the study investigated the eruptive movement of the successor teeth at the time of eruption. In addition to detecting the accelerated emergence of still immature successor premolars, the study also determined that the extraction of the deciduous molars before the age of eight years delayed the eruption of the permanent successors given the absence of an infected deciduous tooth with abscess formation. In relation to the eruptive movement of the permanent molars due to the premature loss of the second deciduous molar, the study ascertained a mesial movement ot the first permanent molars and an accelerated eruption of the second permanent molars.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1991

Einfluß von Haftvermittlern auf die Verbundstärke Keramik-Composite Eine In-vitro-Vergleichsstudie mit sechs “porcelain primern” und einer Vergleichsgruppe

St. Pies; Barbel Kahl; Claus W. Schwarze

Orthodontic brackets were bonded to a total of 240 Biodent porcelain surfaces pretreated with a number of different porcelain primers. In a control group, 40 surfaces were pumiced, etched, rinsed and dried, and then bonded to similar brackets without the use of a primer. The test objects of group 1 (n = 140) and those of group 2 (n = 40) were tested for bond shearing strength in a material testing machine (Zwick 1441) after prior incubation in a corrosive fluid at a pH of 2.3 and a temperature of 37 degrees C for 24 hours and 21 days, respectively. The fracture sites were inspected and analysed. Incubation in corrosive fluid reduces the strength of the porcelain-composite bonding, the shearing strength and the number of fractures in the bonding decreasing. Damage to the porcelain was seen to occur after the use of Lee-Ortho-Prime and Bond-Por primers. All the primers tested can be used, although a bond shearing strength of less than 2 N/mm2 is at the lower limit of what can be accepted under the usual conditions of daily practice.ZusammenfassungAuf 240 Prüfkörper aus Biodentkeramik wurden nach Vorbehandlung mit verschiedenen Haftvermittlern Metallfrontzahnbrackets geklebt. 40 Keramikprüfkörper der Vergleichsgruppe wurden gereinigt, geätzt, gespült und getrocknet und ohne Primer mit den gleichen Brackets beklebt. Die Proben der Gruppe 1 (n=140) wurden nach 24 Studen, die Proben der Gruppe 2 (n=140) nach 21 Tagen Inkubation in Korrosionslösung bei pH 2,3 und 37°C mit einer Prüfmaschine (Zwick 1441) auf ihre Scherfestigkeit getestet. Die Bruchflächen wurden analysiert. Die Inkubation in Korrosionslösung bewirkt eine Schwächung des Keramik-Composite-Verbundes, die Scherfestigkeit sowie die Zahl der Brüche im Kleber nimmt ab. Zu Keramikausrissen kam es bei den mit “Lee Ortho-Prime” und “Bond-Por” vorbereiteten Keramikoberflächen. Alle getesteten Primer können verwendet werden, wenn auch eine Scherfestigkeit bei 2 N/mm2 am unteren Rand dessen liegt, was unter Praxisbedingungen akzeptiert werden kann.SummaryOrthodontic brackets were bonded to a total of 240 Biodent porcelain surfaces pretreated with a number of different porcelain primers. In a control group, 40 surfaces were pumiced, etched, rinsed and dried, and then bonded to similar brackets without the use of a primer. The test objects of group 1 (n=140) and those of group 2 (n=40) were tested for bond shearing strength in a material testing machine (Zwick 1441) after prior incubation in a corrosive fluid at a pH of 2.3 and a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours and 21 days, respectively. The fracture sites were inspected and analysed. Incubation in corrosive fluid reduces the strength of the porcelain-composite bonding, the shearing strength and the number of fractures in the bonding decreasing. Damage to the porcelain was seen to occur after the use of Lee-Ortho-Prime and Bond-Por primers. All the primers tested can be used, although a bond shearing strength of less than 2 N/mm2 is at the lower limit of what can be accepted under the usual conditions of daily practice.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1992

[The subjective and objective assessment of the long-term follow-up findings an average of 17 years after the conclusion of therapy].

Barbel Kahl; Claus W. Schwarze

Posttreatment and seven to 28-year postretention records and actual questionnaires of 240 orthodontically treated patients were assessed to evaluate dental awareness and the patients evaluation of posttreatment changes. 80% have regular dental visits and 44% of them have periodontal disease whereas 60% of those who responded having irregularly or no dental controls. 38% were aware of posttreatment changes, only increased and decreased overjet showed a significance in patients evaluation and objective situation.ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer Langzeitnachuntersuchung kieferorthopadisch behandelter Patienten gibt die Auswertung von Fragebögen Aufschluß über das heutige Zahnbewußtsein und die subjektive Einschätzung des aktuellen klinischen Befundes. Der Vergleich mit dem klinischen, rontgenologischen und Modellbetund objektiviert die Selbsteinschätzung, 80% der 240 Nachuntersuchten geben an, regelmäßig zum Zahnarzt zu gehen; nur 44% von ihnen haben Gingivitide, jedoch 60% der selten oder nie den Zahnarzt aufsuchenden Patienten Für die Veränderungen nach Therapieabschluß konnte eine Korrelation zwischen subjektiver Wertung und objektivem Befund lediglich für die Zu- und Abnahme des Overjet gefunden werden.SummaryPosttreatment and seven to 28-year postretention records and actual questionnaires of 240 orthodontically treated patients were assessed to evaluate dental awareness and the patients evaluation of posttreatment changes. 80% have regulat dental visits and 44% of them have periodontal disease whereas 60% of those who responded having irregularly or no dental controls. 38% were aware of posttreatment changes only increased and decreased overjet showed a significance in patients evaluation and objective situation.


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1991

The influence of various porcelain primers on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to porcelain

St. Pies; Barbel Kahl; Claus W. Schwarze


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1994

Premature loss of deciduous teeth-mature or immature eruption of their permanent successors

J. A. Czecholinski; Barbel Kahl; Claus W. Schwarze


Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie | 1993

thylcyanoacrylat (Cyano-Veneer ) als kieferorthopdischer Bracketkleber

Barbel Kahl; Andreas Konig; Robert D. Hilgers; Claus W. Schwarze

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St. Pies

University of Cologne

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