Bartłomiej Igliński

Farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for energy generation: evidence from South and Central Poland

ABSTRACT The objective of this survey-based study was to investigate farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for power generation in the south and in the centre of Poland. In total, 210 farmers participated in this study by filling in a self-instructed questionnaire. The results indicate that the majority of farmers (two-thirds) in both regions appeared unwilling to collect, store and transport biomass to the market or to the energy production facility. It is likely that an unstable biomass market marked by low demand and low prices has led to unwillingness by farmers to engage in bioenergy production in Poland. Increasing the role of biomass as a renewable energy resource and recovering the farmers’ confidence in the market would require fixing the shortcomings in the biomass market and the provision of clear public policies that aim at long-term market stability.

An experimental approach for the development of direct-absorption sampling method for determination of trimethylsilanol and volatile methylsiloxanes by the GC-MS technique in landfill gas.

This paper reports on an absorption method used for the determination of six target volatile methylsiloxanes and trimethylsilanol existing in raw biogas samples by means of a special and portable sampling train system. After biogas sampling (no accurate pump needed), the samples obtained were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimisation of the used solvent was carried out, and acetone was selected as the preferred liquid medium for trapping the siloxanes. The results clearly showed that using pure acetone and a mixture of acetone and water (97/3% = v/v) ensures very good solvation of silicon-contained molecules; thus the sampling procedure was more accurate. Replicate samples showed that the relative standard deviation of the method was less than 5.7% and 6.3% for methylsiloxanes as well as less than 2.1% and 2.4% for trimethylsilanol analysed 24 and 72 hours after sampling, respectively. Furthermore, limits of detection were determined theoretically and experimentally. The limits of detection for siloxanes and trimethylsilanol were in the range 0.04–0.11 mg/Nm3 and 0.08–0.12 mg/Nm3, respectively. The limit of quantification for trimethylsilanol was 0.1 mg/Nm3, whereas the limit for siloxanes ranged from 0.1 to 0.13 mg/Nm3. Finally, raw biogas samples were successfully analysed by the developed method. Trimethylsilanol and methylsiloxanes were found in the concentrations of 34.5 mg/Nm3 and 1.7–20 mg/Nm3 in the analysed raw biogas, respectively.

Autoclaved aerated concrete with an addition of waste from semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process – thermal stability and XRD investigations

Autoclaved aerated concrete with an addition of waste from semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process – thermal stability and xrd investigations

ANALIZA FIZYKOCHEMICZNA ODPADU Z INSTALACJI ODSIARCZANIA SPALIN METODĄ PÓŁSUCHĄ Z ELEKTROCIEPŁOWNI PRZEMYSŁOWEJ W JANIKOWIE

The paper presents results of the analysis of waste from semi-dry flue gas desulphurisation installation called Integrated Novel Desulphurisation (NID). A comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties was conducted, including analyzes of the content of ions SO 3 2and SO 4 2- (relating to 2CaSO 3 ·H 2 O i CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), moisture, SiO 2 and R 2 O 3 and SEM-EDX analysis. The original method for the determination of sulphates (IV) using a potentiometric