Baseerat Afroza

Manipulation of Plant Spacing and Steckling Size to Increase Growth and Seed Yield in Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) Under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir

An experiment was conducted at Urban Technology Park, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir during 2013-2014. Four levels of spacing and four steckling sizes in carrot were used giving rise to sixteen treatment combinations. Widest spacing (60 cm x 75 cm) recorded maximum plant height number of branches plant-1, number of secondary umbels plant-1, number of tertiary umbels plant-1, seed yield per primary umbel, secondary umbel and tertiary umbel and seed yield plant-1. However highest seed yield, number of secondary and tertiary umbels were recorded in closest spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm. Extra-large steckling size (150-175 g) recorded highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of secondary and tertiary umbels, seed yield per primary, secondary and tertiary umbel, seed yield.

A Review on Organic Farming in Vegetable Sector

Growing awareness of health and environmental issues associated with the intensive use of chemical inputs has led to interest in alternate forms of agriculture in the world. Organic agriculture is one among the broad spectrum production methods that are supportive of the environment. At present 35million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by almost 1.4 million producers all over the world. In India, total area under organic management is 4.48 million hectare, out of this, cultivated area is 1.08 million hectare and remaining 3.4 million hectare is wild forest harvest collection area. The various components of organic farming are: Organic materials such as FYM, composts, green manures etc. for enrichment of soil fertility, biofertilizers for economizing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, biopesticides, bioagents for controlling diseases, pests etc, high yielding varieties and hybrids resistant to biotic and abiotic conditions, crop rotation, intercropping, mulching etc. Organic farming reduces the need of purchased inputs, prevents environmental degradation, improves soil physical, chemical and biological properties, helps to sustain production and better yields, properly utilizes organic wastes, avoids pesticide residues in food and results in better quality product . Use of FYM, biofertilizers and vermicompost has resulted in maximum fruit yield in vegetables like tomato, brinjal and better nutritional qualities like increased ascorbic acid content in okra (Thakur et al ., 2010 and Reddy, 2008). Use of biopesticides like spinosad helps in controlling diamond back moth in cabbage, biocontrol agents like trichogramma spp. reduces infestation of helicoverpa armigera in tomato, while use of mulches help in reducing weed infestation, disease incidence and improve overall yield of vegetable crops. In India, organic farming, in spite of the reduction in crop productivity by 9.2 per cent, provided higher net profit to farmers by 22.0 per cent compared to conventional farming. This was mainly due to the availability of premium price (20-40%) for the certified organic produce and reduction in the cost of cultivation by 11.7 per cent.

Stability Analysis and Genotype X Environment Interaction of Some Tomato Hybrids under Kashmir conditions

Field experiments were carried out to evaluate seventeen hybrids of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) for their stability at three lo-cations in Kashmir valley during kharif 2011 and 2012. Significant differences were observed among all the hybrids for eight quantitative char-acters. The pooled analysis of variance for stabil-ity of hybrids for the quantitative traits revealed significant differences among the genotypes and environments for all the traits studied. The inter-action component genotype × environment was also significant for all the traits. The hybrids sta-ble for yield and most of the traits were TO-687, Indam-531, Rambo, PS-255, Maharaja and Swaraj-1516. This implied that these hybrids contribut-ed less to the genotype x environment interac-tion. Therefore, the hybrids TO-687, Indam-531, Rambo, PS-255, Maharaja and Swaraj-1516 have been recommended.