Beatriz Ferrán

DNA Binding Proteins of the Filamentous Phages CTXφ and VGJφ of Vibrio cholerae

The native product of open reading frame 112 (orf112) and a recombinant variant of the RstB protein, encoded by Vibrio cholerae pathogen-specific bacteriophages VGJphi and CTXphi, respectively, were purified to more than 90% homogeneity. Orf112 protein was shown to specifically bind single-stranded genomic DNA of VGJphi; however, RstB protein unexpectedly bound double-stranded DNA in addition to the single-stranded genomic DNA. The DNA binding properties of these proteins may explain their requirement for the rolling circle replication of the respective phages and RstBs requirement for single-stranded-DNA chromosomal integration of CTXphi phage dependent on XerCD recombinases.

TLP01, an mshA mutant of Vibrio cholerae O139 as vaccine candidate against cholera

No commercially live vaccine against cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 serogroup is available and it is currently needed. Virulent O139 strain CRC266 was genetically modified by firstly deleting multiple copies of the filamentous phage CTXφ, further tagging by insertion of the endoglucanase A coding gene from Clostridium thermocellum into the hemagglutinin/protease gene and finally deleting the mshA gene, just to improve the vaccine biosafety. One of the derived strains designated as TLP01 showed full attenuation and good colonizing capacity in the infant mouse cholera model, as well as highly immunogenic properties in the adult rabbit and rat models. Since TLP01 lacks MSHA fimbriae, it is refractory to infection with another filamentous phage VGJφ and therefore protected of acquiring CTXφ from a recombinant hybrid VGJφ/CTXφ. This strategy could reduce the possibilities of stable reversion to virulence out of the human gut. Furthermore, this vaccine strain was impaired to produce biofilms under certain culture conditions, which might have implications for the strain survival in natural settings contributing to vaccine biosafety as well. The above results has encouraged us to consider TLP01 as a live attenuated vaccine strain having an adequate performance in animal models, in terms of attenuation and immunogenicity, so that it fulfills the requirements to be evaluated in human volunteers.