Beatriz Oyama

Application of PMF for Evaluation of the Fine Particles Contribution from Vehicular Emission in Six Brazilian Cities

The vehicular emission is the main source of fine particles in Brazilian Cities. A comprehensive study was performed from 2007 to 2009 with 24 h daily sampling of fine particles in an experimental site in six Brazilian capitals: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Recife and Belo Horizonte. The polycarbonate filters collected at each site with Harvard sampling, were submitted to gravimetrical analysis for identification of PM2.5 concentration, to reflectance for Black Carbon concentration, to X-ray fluorescence analysis for elemental composition and to ion chromatography for an ion sand cations composition and concentration. The average PM2.5 concentration were 28, 19, 17, 17, 16 and 11 μg/m3 in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Porto Alegre and Recife, respectively. Black Carbon accounted for approximately 30 % of the PM2.5 mass concentration in the more air pollution impacted cities: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. The Black Carbon was used as a tracer for diesel fuel emission and biomass burning. The elemental chemical composition of the PM2.5 was used to identify source-related fractions of fine particles, by means of Receptor Models. The results were used to examine the association of these fractions with daily mortality in each of the six cities. Principal Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to the elemental concentration data in order to identify the sources of fine particles, specifically the participation of the vehicular emission. These results were compared to the previous analysis performed with Absolute Principal Component Analysis (APCA). The participation of the vehicular fleet to the PM2.5 mass concentration was significant, explaining in the most urbanized area even 40 % of its mass. These results show the relative importance of the vehicular emission to health injury.

MATERIAL PARTICULADO FINO (MP2,5) DE PORTO ALEGRE. PARTE II: IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS FONTES

1. Introducao A atmosfera da Regiao Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA) apresenta deterioracao resultante da sobreposicao de emissoes poluidoras – intensa atividade industrial e veicular (~1,6 milhoes de veiculos) (FEPAM, 2010). A concentracao e composicao do particulado sao informacoes muito relevantes para estudos de qualidade do ar, que possibilitam identificar fontes emissoras e medidas mitigadoras que podem ser direcionadas para a diminuicao dessas emissoes. O MP2,5 (da < 2,5 μg/ m3 ) esta relacionado com os principais efeitos deleterios a saude e ainda nao foi sujeito a regulamentacao governamental no Brasil (CETESB, 2008). O presente estudo tem por objetivo, identificar as fontes de MP2,5 na RMPA.

Fine particulate emission sources identification in the atmosphere of São paulo

The contribution of this work was related to the evaluation ofthe emission sources profile for the fine particles concentration, mainlythe role of vehicular emission in Sao Paulo atmosphere. During a year,starting in August 2007, daily 24 hours samples were collected. Theparticles were characterized for its mass concentration, elementalspeciation by means of X-Ray fluorescence analysis, ionic compositionand Black Carbon mass concentration. Receptor modeling was appliedas the methodology for the identification of fine particles pollutantssources.

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE TAMANHO DO MATERIAL PARTICULADO NA ATMOSFERA DE SÃO PAULO NO FINAL DO INVERNO DE 2008

During an intensive campaign occurred in Sao Paulo in August2008, mass and composition size distribution of particulate matter datawith different sizes were collected in order to evaluate the behavior ofthis pollutant in during a winter time. During this season occur someparticulate matter and some other pollutants Air Quality NationalStandards violation due to favorable meteological conditions. The resultsshowed that most mass particles were found in the smaller fractions ofthe particulate with higher concentrations of sulfur, sodium, silicon andpotassium. The relevance of this data is related to the potential hazardousimpact of the smaller particles to human health.