Bedriye Öncü

Association Among SNAP-25 Gene DdeI and MnlI Polymorphisms and Hemodynamic Changes During Methylphenidate Use A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Objective: To investigate the interaction of treatment-related hemodynamic changes with genotype status for Synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on and off single dose short-acting methylphenidate treatment with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: A total of 15 right-handed adults and 16 right-handed children with DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD were evaluated. Ten milligrams of short-acting methylphenidate was administered in a crossover design. Results: Participants with SNAP-25 DdeI T/T genotype had decreased right deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) with treatment. SNAP-25 MnlI genotype was also associated with right deoxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) and [HHb] changes as well as left [HHb] change. When the combinations of these genotypes were taken into account, the participants with [DdeI C/C or T/C and MnlI G/G or T/G] genotype had increased right [HHb] with MPH use whereas the participants with [DdeI T/T and MnlI T/T] or [DdeI T/T and MnlI G/G or T/G] genotypes had decreased right prefrontal [HHb]. Conclusions: These results suggested that SNAP-25 polymorphism might be associated with methylphenidate induced brain hemodynamic changes in ADHD participants.

Symptoms Defined by Parents' and Teachers' Ratings in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Changes With Age

Objective: To determine whether Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF) scores of children and adolescents with a first-time diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are different and whether there is a similar difference in normal control subjects. Method: We analyzed the CBCL and TRF scores of 146 patients (124 boys and 22 girls, aged 6 to 18 years; mean age 11.0 years, SD 3.6). We analyzed the same scores for 274 age and sex-matched control subjects recruited from a nationally representative sample. Results: Subjects with ADHD had significantly higher CBCL and TRF scores than control subjects. Age was significantly correlated with scores on the CBCL and TRF subscales Social Withdrawal, Somatic Complaints, and Internalization Problems; with scores on the CBCL subscale Attention Problems; and with scores on the TRF subscale Anxiety–Depression. In the group with ADHD, age was negatively correlated with scores on the CBCL and TRF subscale Externalizing Problems and with scores on the TRF subscale Aggressive Behavior. In the control group, the only significant correlation was between age and the CBCL subscale Somatic Complaints score. Conclusions: These results indicate that underdiagnosis of ADHD in childhood may cause the emergence of greater internalization problems in adolescence. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Lamotrigine for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder comorbid with mood disorders: a case series.

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with mood disorders in both children and adults. Comorbidity is shown to have negative consequences and it needs to be treated effectively. Lamotrigine, an anticonvulsant indicated for the maintenance treatment of bipolar depression is reported to be effective in adult ADHD comorbid with bipolar II disorder. We conducted a retrospective chart review to identify patients with adult ADHD and comorbid mood disorders on lamotrigine, along with ADHD medications, and/or antidepressants and antipsychotics. We identified 40 patients (17 women, 42.5%; age range 16 – 55 yrs), 50% with bipolar II and 50% with recurrent depression. Their treatment response was evaluated by Clinical Global Impression scales. We found that 31 patients (77.5%) improved with lamotrigine, there was no change in 7 patients (17.5%) and 2 patients got worse, with a mean lamotrigine dose of 125.6 ± 47.8 mg (25 – 250 mg). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that lamotrigine might be a safe and effective treatment option for adult ADHD comorbid with bipolar and recurrent depression.

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Suicidal Disclosures and Attitudes in Austrian and Turkish University Students

The prevalence of suicidal behavior and the nature of attitudes toward suicide differ in Austria and Turkey. To see if there were differences in disclosure, 351 Turkish and 310 Austrian students answered questions about disclosing suicidal thoughts. More Austrian than Turkish students reported suicidal ideation and believed that suicidal people disclose their plans, but suicidal disclosures were equally common in the two groups. Compared to Austria, suicidal disclosures in Turkey met with more positive social reactions that may facilitate a successful social support process. These findings imply that prevention efforts should reduce the stigma around suicidal disclosures.

The effect of tianeptine in the prevention of radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment

Radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment is an undesirable radiation-induced toxicity and a common health problem in patients with primary or metastatic brain tumor. It greatly impairs quality of life for long-term brain tumor survivors. Hippocampus is the most important brain structure for neurocognitive functions. It has been shown that radiation affects the hippocampal neurogenesis due to either induce the apoptosis or reduce the precursor cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Radiation-induced microglial inflammatory response is also negative regulator of neurogenesis. Tianeptine is a clinically effective antidepressant that induces neurogenesis. It has also been shown that tianeptine is able to reduce apoptosis and cytoprotective against the effects of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Given the putative role of impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment we think that tianeptine can be effective for preventing radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis.

Methylphenidate-induced spontaneous ejaculation:

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Besides common side effects such as insomnia and loss of appetite, there are some rare side effects such as sexual dysfunction. Priapism, hypersexuality and excessive masturbation in children and spontaneous erection in adults have been reported with MPH [Bilgic et al. 2007; Kelly et al. 2013]. Oosterhuis and colleagues reported spontaneous ejaculation in a 25-year-old man with MPH [Oosterhuis et al. 2009]. To our knowledge pubertal children have not been studied in this respect. Here we will present an adolescent with ADHD who reported spontaneous ejaculation during short-acting MPH therapy.

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Etyolojisinde Çevresel Etkenler

Dikkat eksikligi hiperaktivite bozuklugu, dikkatsizlik, asiri hareketlilik ve durtusellik belirtileriyle seyreden ve yapilan tum arastirmalara ragmen halen etiyolojisi tam olarak anlasilamamis, genetik, sosyal ve fiziksel faktorlerin etkili oldugu heterojen bir norogelisimsel bozukluktur. Bu yazida tum dunyada giderek daha cok ilgi toplayan dikkat eksikligi hiperaktivite bozuklugunun cevresel faktorlerle olan etyolojik iliskisi hakkinda yurutulmus arastirma sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesi hedeflenmistir.

The Effect of Methylphenidate on Brain Hemodynamics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Measured by Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

15 ADHD adults were evaluated with fNIRS during Stroop task. The aim was to examine methylphenidate-induced hemodynamic changes during cognitive activity. It is found that methylphenidate decreased oxyhemoglobin levels. The reason may be vasoconstriction.